Silica-supported molecular zirconium hydride species have been the subject of numerous investigations and have been identified as highly active olefin polymerization catalysts.Recently it has been shown that these materials catalyze hydrogenolysis of paraffins by activating carbon-hydrogen bonds under relatively mild conditions. Uncertainties regarding the nature of the hydrocarbon activation mechanism led us to study several H/D exchange processes. The rate and temperature dependence of H/D exchange between H 2 and D 2 and between CH 4 and D 2 was determined utilizing a glass recycle reactor in which reactants and products were repeatedly passed over the catalyst. A sequential, single-atom exchange process was observed for both exchange processes. More specifically, H 2 /D 2 exchange to an equilibrium distribution was instantaneous even at liquid nitrogen temperatures. We estimate the upper bound for the activation energy to be about 2 kcal/mol. Moreover, the exchange kinetics between CH 4 and D 2 are characterized by a large negative entropy of activation (-27 ( 3 eu) and relatively low energy of activation (∼7 ( 1 kcal/mol), consistent with a σ-bond metathesis pathway.

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It was found that N,N,N',N'-tetramethylmethylenediamine reacted with a number of dihalides to form the corresponding cyclic quaternary ammonium compound and dimethylamine hydrohalide. The process involves a Menschutkin reaction with fragmentation of N,N-dimethylmethyleneamine followed by a second Menschutkin reaction to form a cyclic compound. The reaction proceeds best in a polar solvent and the yields are moderate to good. IntroductionThe Menschutkin reaction (1) is a well-known process for the formation of quaternary ammonium salts from tertiary amines. It also has been used for the synthesis of quaternary ammonium polyelectrolytes (2) by reacting tertiary diamines with dihalides.