17Study question 18 Can mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels in trophectodermal cells of the blastocyst predict the 19 blastocyst quality, ploidy status, implantation rate and clinical outcomes? 20 Summary answer 21 mtDNA levels in trophectodermal cells of the blastocyst do not associate with the blastocyst 22 quality, ploidy status, implantation potential and clinical outcomes, but can differentiate between 23 aneuploid and euploid blastocysts.24 What we already know 25 mtDNA levels in the trophectodermal cells have been suggested to be associated with blastocyst 26 morphology, ploidy and implantation rates, and has been proposed as biomarker to access 27 blastocyst quality and predict clinical outcomes. However, discrepancies exist if mtDNA levels 28 could serve as a marker for the same.29 Study design and duration 30

Objectives To study the efficacy safety effect on menstrual cycles, expulsion, continuation, and failure rate of post placental Copper-T-380A after vaginal and cesarean birth in a tertiary center, over the period of 1 year. Methods A total of 150 women who opted for insertion of Copper-T-380A within 10 min of expulsion of placenta whether delivered vaginally or by cesarean section were enrolled into study. Women having past history of ectopic pregnancy or any genital tract infection or hemorrhagic disorders, uterine anomaly, chorioamnionitis, LPV [ 18 h, unresolved PPH, Hb \ 8 g% were excluded from the study.Results No incidence of perforation, PID, and failure of contraception was detected. Percentage satisfaction among users after 6 weeks-91.7 %, 3 months-92.9 %, and 6 months-95.6 %. Conclusion Although there was high incidence of missing IUCD threads (probably owing to coiling of long threads), the actual expulsion rate was far lesser. Removal rate due to menorrhagia, pain in abdomen, and vaginal discharge was low, and 6 months continuation rate was considerably good.

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Background: Being the second most populous country in the world after china, around 17 percent of the world's population resides in India while it has just around 2.4 percent area of the world. Contraception is one effective way to control population explosion. In country where delivery may be the only time when a woman comes in contact with health care personnel, approach of immediate post-partum contraception is more applicable. Material and Methods: This is a prospective interventional study conducted over a period of time from August 2018 to May 2019, on patients visiting labor room of the tertiary care centre in the national capital of India. Results: The PPIUCD was most accepted in the age group of 21-25 years, educated women, home makers, parity status P2 for willingness to have no pregnancy and spacing. The insertion of PPIUCD had no negative impact on Hb level. The incidence of irregular bleeding, increased duration of bleeding, missed threads, foul smelling vaginal discharge, abdominal discomfort, removal, expulsion, uterine perforation, satisfaction level was variable in each group. Conclusion:Being second most populous country in the world, India needs to promote use of contraceptives for reducing population growth as well as improving maternal and child health. PPIUCD can one of be the most easily available and used postpartum contraception in India.

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