R apid advances are taking place in the field of rehabilitation to improve the quality of life of disabled. Physiatry has also witnessed revolutionary charges in recent past. This straightforward guide teaches key concepts and techniques in the application of physical agents within a complete rehabilitation program. Reader will learn when to use and when not to use physical agents, how to integrate these tools into a patient's overall treatment plan and how to document treatment to optimize reimbursement and minimize liability. Evidence-based practice is incorporated throughout, justifying treatment choices with concrete, up to minute research data.This outstanding new edition features a clear approach to electrical stimulation that presents the full scope of benefits from this often-complex treatment option. It contains the newly revised International Disability standards (ICIDH) model. This book has updated clinical case studies that help sharpen decision making skills regarding important treatment choices, effective applications and follow up. It also contains more than 50 new illustrations and photographs to help visualize key concepts. It has comprehensive coverage of all physical agents-thermal agents, hydrotherapy, traction, compression, ultrasound, electrical currents and electromagnetic radiation-including their benefits and correct application. This book features Preferred Practice Patterns from the Guide to the Physical Therapist Practice, 2 nd edition, which ensures that the best and most current practices are used as defined by the APTA. The book contains Contraindications and Precautions boxes that explain the appropriate use and application of physical agents with up-to-date warning for optimum care paths. It featuresStep-by-Step, illustrated application techniques boxes that demonstrate proper technique for administering effective treatments.
BACKGROUNDNutrient artery is the major source of blood supply to the long bone, which enters through the nutrient foramen. Lack of adequate vascular supply can significantly delay or prevent fracture healing.The aim of this study is to study the number, location and direction of nutrient foramina of human upper limb long bones (Humerus, Radius and Ulna).
BACKGROUNDA single renal artery supplies each kidney on either side after arising from the abdominal aorta. Presence of accessory renal vessels is the most common variation in the blood supply of kidney. Aim-The present study was done to study the variations in the pattern of arrangement of hilar structures, blood supply of kidneys and their embryological & clinical significance.
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