The human health condition and operating capability depend on a variety of environmental factors. It is of great importance to perform studies addressing these factors and their influence on humans as it can help to form an optimal strategy in emergency situations and help humans to attain maximum performance. The best results are shown in studies performed in isolation in a man-made ecosystem because in this case environmental processes are defined and controlled. Man-made ecosystems include a life support system (LSS) combined with the environment and a key element-human. The research defines these three components as a complex system. This study is dedicated to interaction analysis and the human safety in this system, especially in case of emergencies. It includes supporting simulation models based on two types of experiments conducted by the researchers, namely the studies on the mean time to failure (MTF), and on human behavior during emergencies. The basic imitators of life support systems are complemented by additional environmental models where a human is represented as a loading element. To prevent hazards in low performance situations, the simulator used during the experiment, had a decision-making system, controlling environmental parameters and taking actions for the stabilization. It could also control the human condition, such as pulse, pressure, etc., during the entire operation. The results of the studies showed the dependency of human performance on fatigue, the time spent in isolation, as well as the emergencies. The methodology recommendations and safety requirements are discussed in the paper. The results of these studies were used in forming an information database for automated control system of the "artificial lungs" equipment.
Providing high safety standard for aerospace field is one of the most important issues that designers and engineers must face [1, 2]. It is especially important for life support systems, which consist of a set of tools used to ensure human safety while maintaining high performance. However, human needs to have a stable and comfortable environment inside the suit, as well as an appropriate suitable and high-tech equipment. One of the most important problems in the development of perspective spacesuits (extravehicular and rescue) is the flexibility of the legs and especially the arms of the spacesuit. Ideally, the level of flexibility of the spacesuit should correspond to the level of flexibility of a person in ordinary clothes.
This paper presents an analysis of the flexibility of a soft hinge with a floating force connection, guaranteeing the mechanical flexibility of the soft hinge elements. The advantages and disadvantages of corrugated joints are discussed. Conclusions have been drawn on the relevance of using soft joints with a floating force connection in space suits, especially in gloves. This paper discusses requirement analysis on the materials used for gloves manufacturing as well as test procedures used to the requirements control.
The human is the most important element of the ecosystem. Due to the fact that the technosphere depends on the human life, the priority is to save the human health and to provide high performance even in stressful situations as it helps to mitigate risks when critical situations arise including at industries. In order to study the human behaviour under stress in more details, we suggest putting humans into the artificial ecosystem where the human is the key element. At this, the decomposition of such complex system is the external environment, the life support system arranges by technical means and the human acts as a loading element. Such approach should be applied to control the condition of the environment surrounding the human and to be able to model various scripts of the environmental effect on humans and vice versa. Such study has shown that human performance and general condition are affected by tiredness, the time spend in isolation, frequency of critical situations. The global situation in 2019-2020 and self-isolation during the pandemics allow expanding this study and evaluating the effect of isolation on the technosphere safety. The result of this work is the well-developed comprehensive human-machine system within which the study is carried out. Recommendations obtained during the calculation experiments are compared with the natural data. On these grounds, conclusions are drawn that allow one to mitigate risks under conditions of isolation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.