Lithium chloride inhibited the replication of type 1 and type 2 Herpes simplex virus at concentrations which permitted host cell replication. Virus polypeptide and antigen synthesis were unaffected while viral DNA synthesis was inhibited. The replication of two other DNA viruses, pseudorabies and vaccinia virus, was inhibited but there was no inhibition of two RNA viruses, namely, EMC and influenze virus.
The cytoplasmic membranes of cells infected with herpes simplex virus develop altered antigenic specificities (O'Dea & Dineen, 1957; Roizman & Spring, I967 ). Strain-specific differences in these surface antigens have been reported (Roizman & Roane, 1963; Peterknecht, Bitter-Suerman & Falke, 1968). In the course of a study of antigenic specificities in BHK cells infected with several herpes simplex viruses (cf. Watson et al. 1966), we have found that the use of appropriately absorbed antisera permits the detection of type-specific membrane antigens. This forms the basis of the simple and rapid immunofluorescent method for typing strains of herpes simplex virus which we report in this note.Exploratory work was done with two established type I strains (HFEM which originated from the Rockefeller strain HF and WAL, a recurrent oral isolate) and two established type 2 strains (eov, kindly given us by Dr A. J. Nahmias and BRY, a recurrent genital isolate). The viruses were propagated and stored as described by Watson et al. (I966) and assayed by means of plaque counts under carboxylmethyl cellulose (Russell, I962 ). Antisera were prepared against each in rabbits by a prolonged course of immunization with freeze-dried extracts of disrupted infected RK 13 cells (Watson et al. 1966). In immunodiffusion tests these antisera gave multiple lines with extracts of herpes simplex virus-infected cells.Absorbed sera were prepared by treatment first with uninfected BHK cells (Io8/ml. of serum) for I hr at 37 ° and then shaken at 4 ° overnight. They were further absorbed with cells infected at about o.I p.f.u./cell and incubated at 33 ° for 48 hr (type I viruses) or 24 hr (type z viruses) and collected by scraping off the glass with a silicone policeman. These cells were washed thrice in buffered saline (Dulbecco & Vogt, 1954) before use. To 3 x io 8 washed and sedimented infected cells x ml. of antiserum in dilution 1/8 was added, and incubated for I hr at 37 ° in a water bath. The antiserum was separated by centrifugation and added to another similar sample of infected cells. The suspension was incubated at 4 ° overnight with shaking, then the serum was separated by centrifugation at 4,ooo rev./min, for IO min. and stored at -2o ° until use.Tests for immunofluorescence were made by the indirect method using antisermn to rabbit y-globulin prepared in sheep and kindly provided by Dr D. Catty. The y-globulin fraction of this serum was obtained by repeated precipitation with ammonium sulphate and conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (Nairn, r969). Non-specific staining components were removed by absorption with BHK cells as above.Coverslip cultures were prepared in the bottom of 50 ram. diameter Petri dishes seeded with lO 6 BHK cells in 5 ml. of growth medium, and incubated at 37 ° for about 12 hr. These were inoculated with io p.f.u, virus/cell. After an adsorption period of I hr, the cells were washed thrice with phosphate-buffered saline and incubated under 5 ml. growth medium for 5½ hr at 37 ° and then again washed in buff...
SUMMARY A subunit antigenoid vaccine, Ac NFU, (S-) MRC, was used to prevent primary herpes genitalis in 60 subjects considered to be at risk of this infection. There was no evidence of serious local or general side effects.Neutralising antibody responses were detected in 59% and 90% of subjects receiving the low and high doses of vaccine respectively; immunoprecipitating antibody was detected at a lower frequency, namely in 23/o and 43% of subjects receiving the low and high doses respectively. After a mean follow-up period of 18 months none of the vaccinated subjects contracted herpes genitalis after completing the vaccination course.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.