Four populations of Betonica bulgarica Degen et Neič. at Sinite Kamani Natural Park were morphologically tested. Intrapopulation and interpopulation variabilities were established. The rеlationship between morphological variability, number, area and ecological appurtenance of the studied populations were explored. The results demonstrated that the main source of phenotype variation is intrapopulation variability, mainly due to the age structure of populations. The most variable traits are height of stem and dimensions of leaves. The registered interpopulation variability was affected by the differences in altitude, soil type and differences in environmental conditions and soil properties. Indumentum and morphology of generative organs had taxonomic significance for distinguishing B. bulgarica from the other species in the genus, including the species that were morphologically most similar to it - Betonica officinalis L.
SUMMARYThe response of new Bulgarian durum wheat variety Predel to nitrogen fertilization was studied in a field fertilizing experiment with cotton -durum wheat crop rotation for the period 2008 -2014, at the Institute of Field CropsChirpan, Bulgaria under rainy conditions. The studied nitrogen rates were 0; 60; 120 and 180 kg N.ha-1. The experimental design consisted of randomized block design with four replications. A tendency was found that nitrogen fertilization increased grain yield. The nitrogen rates N120 and N180 proved increased grain protein yield with 49.6 and 48.7 % compared to the control. The rate N180 decreased the harvest index. The highest agronomic efficiency of nitrogen for grain and grain protein were obtained with moderate rate N120 average for the period. Nitrogen fertilization decreased partially the factor of nitrogen productivity from 68 kg.kg-1 at rate N60 to 25 kg.kg-1 at rate N180. The highest concentration of grain protein -15.97 % and vitreousness of the grain -75.84 were obtained after applying N180. The content of wet and dry gluten slightly depended on nitrogen fertilization. A strong positive correlation was established between nitrogen fertilization and grain+straw yield (r=0.726**), grain protein concentration (r=0.862**), grain protein yield (r=0.635**) and vitreousness of the wheat grain (r=0.856**).
This study was conducted at the Field Crops Institute in Chirpan, Bulgaria, on Pellic vertisols soil type under non-irrigated conditions in the period of 2011-2013. Tests were made on the effect of nitrogen fertilization at rates of 0; 60; 120 and 180 kgN/ha on seven durum wheat cultivars. The cultivar response was studied regarding the yield produced out of a unit of applied nutrient. It was found that the partial nitrogen productivity of grain and protein decreased by increasing the applied amounts of nitrogen fertilizer into the soil. The rate of N yielded the highest average partial productivity of nitrogen (69.8 kg/kg). The 60 Elbrus and Deana cultivars had the highest partial nitrogen productivity of grain (47-50 kg N/kg). The Elbrus cultivar manifested a tendency for the highest efficiency in forming the grain protein yield (7.2 kg N/kg) out of a unit of applied nitrogen fertilizer. The partial nitrogen productivity increased in favourable temperature and moisture weather conditions during wheat vegetation.
The aim of the study is to establish the current distribution оf Moehringia jankae Griseb. ex Janka and Moehringia grisebachii Janka in Sinite Kamani Natural Park and to assess the state of its populations. Nine populations of M. jankae and fourteen populations of M. grisebachii were registered. It has been established that the Balkan endemic M. jankae inhabits quartz porphyry rock formations, conglomerates and limestones in Karandila, Haidushka pateka, Kaloyanovi kuli, Kamilata areas at an altitude of 590 to 972 m. Its populations number from 10 to 72 specimens at an area of 0.5 to 796 m 2. The Balkan endemic M. grisebachii inhabits quartz porphyry rock formations and conglomerates in Haidushka pateka, Mollova kuria, Kaloyanovi kuli, Karandila, Gornaka, Karakyutyuk, Kamilata and Golyama Chatalka at an altitude from 641 to 1049 m. Its populations number from 11 to about 347 specimens on an area of 1.7 to 1720 m 2. Main threats to the populations of both species in the Natural Park are anthropogenic impact and adverse weather conditions during fruiting.
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