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Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates using spray pyrolysis technique with the substrate temperature of 400°C. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the films were polycrystalline with hexagonal wurtzite structure preferentially oriented along (002) direction. Surface morphology of the films obtained by scanning electron microscopy showed that the grains were of nanoscale size with porous nature for 6 at.% of Al. Atomic force microscopy observations revealed that the particles size and surface roughness of the films decreased with Al-doping. Optical measurements indicated that ZnO:Al (6 at.%) exhibited a band gap of 3.11 eV, which is lower than that of pure ZnO film, i.e. 3.42 eV. Photoluminescence analysis showed weak NBE emission at 396 nm for Al-doped films. The low resistivity, high hall mobility and carrier concentration values were obtained at a doping ratio of 6 at.% of Al. The effective incorporation of 6 at.% of Al into ZnO lattice by occupying Zn sites yielded a well-pronounced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

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The present paper describes the green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from the flowers of L. nepetifolia. The synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and examined by using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction analysis, Dynamic Light Scattering analysis, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Thermogravimetric Analysis. The photocatalytic studies were followed using methylene blue (MB) dye by ZnO nanoparticles by using sunlight as a source. The degradation of MB dye is found to be 90 %. Then the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles help to evaluate the antioxidant activities. The antioxidant activities of ZnO nanoparticles were exhibiting through scavenging of Nitric oxide, Hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH free radicals. Furthermore, the electrochemical analysis of reduced Graphene Oxide-Zinc oxide (rGO-ZnO) nanocomposite shows that the prepared rGO-ZnO nanocomposite has a high specific capacitance of about 667 F g-1 in comparison with the pure Zinc oxide nanoparticles (200 F g-1) and has good cycling stability of around 1000 cycles. The synthesis of multifunctional ZnO nanoparticles by using natural plant products like seeds, leaves, flowers, etc may help to explore as environment-friendly which is opposite to chemical synthesis.