The concern on how food and livestock waste should
be managed and recycled has greatly increased in the world. This
research investigated the anaerobic decomposition (digestion)
process for biogas production on dairy cattle manure (CM) and
food waste (FW) using a bacteria as inoculum - Pseudomonas
aeruginosa. CM and FW were co-digested with bacteria (P.
aeruginosa) as the substrate. FW was allowed to decompose
separately without inoculum for 30 days. Digesters (Bioreactor)
were prepared in five places to monitor the maximum biogas
production, generation rate of methane and number of days for
the production of biogas. 1 to ratio 5ml and 10ml of FW were codigested with P. aeruginosa (bacteria) in 2 proportion and also
Cow manure with 1 to ratio 1 and 0.5ml in 2 proportions [ 1:5ml;
1:10ml and 1:1; 1:5ml]. Batch process operation was used under
mesophilic condition (35⁰C) for the digesters/bioreactor.
Production of biogas was notices on the third and fourth day
after commencement for the digesters with cattle manure, fourth
to fifth day for the digester (bioreactor) with bacteria and third
day for the digester with only FW. FW and CM generated highest
cumulative biogas with volume of 88.5g/kg.
Optimization of neem oil extraction using Central Composite Design (CCD) was evaluated in this research. The effects of two factors: sample weight and extraction duration on the response which is neem oil volume extracted, were investigated. The CCD employed resulted in 13 experimental runs. Extraction was carried out in a 250 ml Soxhlet extractor. Hexane was used as solvent with thermostated heating mantle at temperature 60°C. Results obtained shows the optimized values of 54.69% of neem oil was obtained with 25 g weight of sample with extraction time of 12hours. The r2
and r2adj values were close to 1 which indicates that the regression model was a good one.
This study involves the extraction of oil from three sources: orange peel, guava leaves, and cassia fistula leaves using Soxhlet apparatus. The variables considered in this study were time of extraction and sample weight. Minitab statistical software was used to randomize the runs. The combination of operating parameters that gave the optimum yield for the three sources were identified. The regression equation for each source was reported. The coefficient of determination (R2) value for orange, guava leaves and cassia fistula extract were 99.51%, 99.90%, and 99.77% respectively. This shows that the model is a good prediction tool for extraction of oil from these sources. Based on the R2 values guava leaves (99.90%) gave the highest prediction accuracy followed by Cassia fistula (99.90%), with orange leaves having the lowest R2 value (99.77%) among the three sources considered.
Fermented African locust bean seeds can be used as substitute to chemically based food spices. It improves sensory properties of foods which includes the organoleptic characteristics. P. biglobosa (African locust bean) seeds were processed and fermented to a vegetable protein based African condiment known as ‘Iru’. Fermentation process was carried out at four different temperatures which are 40, 50, 60 and 70°C. The monitoring of the fermentation rate was based on three parameters namely: Carbon dioxide production, pH and reduction in substrate weight. Substrates were inoculated with Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as starter culture while fermentation process took place for the duration of five days under anaerobic condition. The result obtained from the pH of fermented seeds confirmed the fermentation process to be alkaline in nature.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.