Scaphoid pseudarthrosis is defined and the most common techniques are described (Matti-Russe, Geissend6rfer-Obermuth, Corticalis splinter, Enders bookplate, the AO screw). Four of our own cases are discussed and the good results (43 of 48 patients) prove the superiority of the "sandwich" grafting technique in scaphoid reconstruction using the Herbert screw. The indication, contraindications, and suitable alternative procedures are also discussed. Other advantages are that the patient is disabled for a shorter period of time and that a second operation is unnecessary.
The shape, size and location of the nipple and areola are the points that distinguish and ideal-looking breast. Tuberous deformity, inverted nipple and excess of areola tissue are congenital anomalies of the breast. Surgical correction is indicated especially in a case of asymmetry. Acquired malformations of the nipple-areola complex can be the result of injuries or surgical treatment like breast reduction. In this cases a surgical correction improves the result. Some representative cases are demonstrated.
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Various Applications of Fibrin Adhesive in Plastic SurgerySummary. In wellchosen cases, fibrin adhesive has become an important aid in plastic surgery. The main indications are" tumor surgery, large skin grafts, and aesthetic surgery. After 4 years' experience we see the following advantages: (1) immediate hemostasis in cases of heavy bleeding; (2) better adhesion of skin grafts on uneven bases; (3) hemostasis in case of anomalous vessels and disturbances in the coagulation system.
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