Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of developing opportunistic infections due to either the disease itself or to treatment with immunosuppressants. This risk can be reduced through vaccination. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of compliance with the guidelines on recommended immunization schedule in patients with IBD in the health district of Lleida, Spain. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study of data at December 31, 2016. The reference population was formed by adults with a clinical diagnosis of IBD. The dependent variable was "compliance with the guidelines on recommended immunization schedule". Variables were sex, age, residence, diagnosis, vaccination against measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, tetanus-diphtheria, influenza, pneumococcus, meningococcus C, hepatitis B, and hepatitis A. Data were obtained from electronic medical records. For the data analysis, mean (standard deviation), prevalence with 95% confidence intervals, χ 2 test and Mann-Whitney test were used. Results: Compliance did not exceed 65% for any of vaccines analysed in the 1722 studied patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. Significant differences across age groups were found in compliance for measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, tetanus, diphtheria and influenza in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and for meningococcus C and hepatitis A exclusively in ulcerative colitis. Conclusions: Compliance in patients with IBD is low. Thus, prevention of immunopreventable diseases or their complications is not maximized in this kind of patients. Greater awareness of how vaccines can reduce the risk of vaccine-preventable infections is needed among both patients and healthcare professionals.

J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Preguntas y respuestas Vacunas contra el coronavirus Coronavirus vaccines L. Urbiztondo, E. Borras, G. Mirada Cada día aparecen noticias que anuncian la aparición casi inminente de vacunas que solucionaran la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. ¿Cuándo se podrá disponer de vacunas?Es difícil aventurar cuando se podrá disponer de vacunas contra la infección por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. La aparición de la COVID-19 ha hecho pensar en las vacunas como la mejor manera de poder prevenirla, como ocurre habitualmente cuando aparece una nueva enfermedad infecciosa. En los medios de comunicación generalistas aparecen continuamente noticias que prevén que habrá vacunas en pocos meses, sin embargo, en la prensa científica los artículos sobre este tema son relativamente escasos.

We investigated an outbreak of norovirus that affected students and teachers of a high school in Lleida, Spain through various transmission mechanisms. A case-control epidemiological study of the risk of disease and the relative importance of each mode of transmission was carried out. Cases and controls were selected from a systematic sample of students and teachers present at the school on 28 January. Faecal samples were taken from three food handlers and 16 cases. The influence of each factor was studied using the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and the estimated population attributable risk (ePAR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We interviewed 210 people (42 cases, 168 controls). The proportion of symptoms in these individuals was nausea 78·6%, vomiting 59·5%, diarrhoea 45·2%, and fever 19·0%. The epidemic curve showed transmission for at least 4 days. The risk of disease was associated with exposure to food (aOR 5·8) in 66·1% of cases and vomit (aOR 4·7) in 24·8% of cases. Faecal samples from 11 patients and two food handlers were positive for norovirus GII.12 g. Vomit may co-exist with other modes of transmission in norovirus outbreaks and could explain a large number of cases.

No abstract

This study highlights the potential importance of waterborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis transmitted through drinking water considered acceptable and suggests the need to improve microbiological research into these outbreaks (viruses and protozoa detection).

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract