The physics of nuclear reactions in stellar plasma is reviewed with special emphasis on the importance of the velocity distribution of ions. Then the properties density and temperature of the weak-coupled solar plasma are analysed, showing that the ion velocities should deviate from the Maxwellian distribution and could be better described by a w eakly-nonexstensive jq , 1j 0:02 Tsallis' distribution. We discuss concrete physical frameworks for calculating this deviation: the introduction of higher-order corrections to the di usion and friction coe cients in the Fokker-Planck equation, the in uence of the electric-micro eld stochastic distribution on the particle dynamics, a v elocity correlation function with long-time memory arising from the coupling of the collective and individual degrees of freedom. Finally, w e study the e ects of such deviations on stellar nuclear rates, on the solar neutrino uxes, and on the pp neutrino energy spectrum, and analyse the consequences for the solar neutrino problem.
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