Résumé — On a examiné l'évolution des masses végétales, de pâturage de montagne -comportement territorial -comportement alimentaire -cheval de boucherie -Vaccinium myrtillus-Nardus stricta Summary — Long-term evolution of a hill moor grazed by cattle and horses. II. Forage production. The evolution of the plant biomasses, primary production and soil of a disused hill moor was examined during 12 years after introduction of new management. Horses are more efficient than cattle for the elimination of herbaceous or ligneous masses. As a result, the forage offered is more abundant but of lower quality in the case of cattle. The final production is 2.5 t DM/ha/year by horses versus 3.5 by cattle. The soil organic matter evolves best under the areas closely-grazed and stamped by horses. Horses cause local transfers and exhaustions in K, whereas cattle make the K-fertility uniform. According to the animals, the results as a whole, show opposite evolutions of botanical composition and production. The uniform restitution of animal manure due to cattle is necessary for the maintenance or improvement of productivity; the elimination of biomasses in excess due to horses is sufficient for botanical improvement. This raises the question of which of the 2 criteria has to te favored in order to maintain mountain grasslands.hill moor -territorial behairor -feeding behavior -horse -Vaccinium myrtillus -Nardus stricta
Résumé — Les matières organiques du sol sont étudiées sous des prairies de montagne différenciées par la gestion agronomique. Les (fig 4) under poor sward (fig 2). The labelling of the diverse organic fractions was examined 2 yr after application of 15 N. The major percentage of nitrogen applied was found in the fine fraction of the intensified sward, and half in each of the fine and coarse fractions of the poor sward (fig 5). At the 2 sites, the 15 N extractability index was high in the coarse fractions, which included roots and dead fragments (table I). The 15 N balance is shown in table II. There was no negative relation between nitrogen uptake by the soil and the aerial parts of the sward. The lack of balance increased with the date of 15 N application. The role of mineral N deficiency on organic matter accumulation is discussed. The intensified sward resulted from an improvement of the poor sward by minor annual mineral N investments over a 15-yr period.15 nitrogen / organic fraction / permanent grassland / immobilisation / reorganisation
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