Annona senegalensis and Securidaca longepedunculata are two plants traditionnaly used in inflammation and wounds infection treatment after snakebites.
This study aims to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Annona senegalensis and Securidaca longepedunculata.
Antimicrobial activity of the two plant extracts was examined against five bacterial strains with the well diffusion method and the inhibition zones diameters (IZD), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the 96-well microplate dilution method. While antiinflammatory activity was assessed by the albumin denaturation method.
The results obtained showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Annona senegalensis has antimicrobial property against Staphylococcus aureus (IZD=12.22 ± 0.24 mm, MIC=62.5 mg/mL, MBC=125 mg/mL) and against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IZD=12.06 ± 0.06 mm, MIC=125 mg/mL, MBC=250 mg/mL). Securidaca longepedunculata also showed its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (IZD=12.03 ± 0.03 mm, MIC=125 mg/mL, MBC=250 mg/mL) and Candida albicans (IZD=12.12 ± 0.07 mm, MIC=62.5 mg/mL, MFC=125 mg/mL).
In the order hand, Annona senegalensis and Securidaca longepedunculata exhibited concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory activity by reducing significantly (p<0.001) the denaturation of BSA. In addition S. longepedunculata inhibited haemolysis significantly (p<0.001) more than Diclofenac sodium at 200 and 400 µg/mL.
Hence, it was concluded that Annona senegalensis and Securidaca longepedunculata possessed anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties and can be used in the treatment of inflammation and wounds infection after snakebites.
Keywords: Annona senegalensis, Securidaca longepedunculata, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, BSA.
The snake bites victims’ proportion is not well known among the population and statistical values are not available to consider snake bites as a significant cause of death especially in rural Africa. In Togo, the rural population uses various plants for the treatment of snake bites. The objective of this work is to conduct two types of surveys, namely the prospective survey and the retrospective survey in Bassar district (Togo) to obtain scientific data on cases of snake bites in rural areas and plants species use in snake bites treatment. The results obtained show that the population at risk is made up of men (70.2%) aged between 20 and 40 years, mostly farmers (58.3%). There are more snake bites in the rainy season (80.8 %). Echis ocellatus is responsible for 78.3 % of bite cases followed by Bitis arietens (8.7%). Twenty-two plant species have been recorded and Annona senegalensis, Securidaca longepedunculata and Hannoa undulata are the most cited. These results prove that snake bites remain a significant public health problem, especially in rural areas.
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