This article describes how welding is the most prominent process for joining components into complex assemblies or structures. The various distortions induced by the welding process due to the inherent local non-uniform heating and cooling cycles associated with the joining processes. The manufacturing and shipbuilding industries encounter problems of distortion. Restriction of any distortions by restraint may lead to higher residual stresses. The predictions of the degree of shrinkage and angular distortion in ship panels due to welding are of great importance from the point of view of dimensional control. In view of this, an experimental study has been performed to analyze the effect of groove area on angular distortion, transverse and longitudinal shrinkages of butt welded joints in submerged arc welding process for constant heat input. It is observed that the angular distortion decreases with increase in the groove area but the transverse and longitudinal shrinkages increase with increase in the groove area.
The dimensional differences in steel bridge manufacturing caused by weld deformation often occur for butt joints of thin plates. The problems of distortion, residual stresses and reduced strength of structure in and around a welded joint are of major concern in the shipbuilding industry and other similar manufacturing industries. The various distortions induced by welding process and restriction of these distortions may lead to higher residual stresses. The prediction of distortions in ship panels are of great importance from the point of view of dimensional control. In view of this, it has been investigated the effect of root opening on the transverse shrinkage, longitudinal shrinkage and angular distortions of butt joints. The experimental investigations are carried out using Submerged Arc Welding with zero mm, 1 mm and 2 mm root opening for constant heat input. The transverse and longitudinal shrinkage increase but the angular distortion decreases with increase in the root opening.
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