The study of species of the genus Salsola L. in the desert part of the Syrdarya river valley (Kyzylorda region) is of great importance for identifying the features of the structure of phytocenoses in this region, which will facilitate rational use of plant resources and make recommendations for the radical improvement and recultivation of pastures in this territory. Various phytocenoses are confined to this territory, including those with the participation (dominance) of species of the genus Salsola L. Classical botanical methods were used in the research process. Fundamental floral summaries were used to identify the collected material. Vegetation was studied applying traditional methods of field geobotanical research. According to the results of the expedition work in the desert part of the Syrdarya river valley, 24 plant communities were described with the participation and dominance of species of the genus Salsola L. The communities differed from each other in the composition of the species. This is due to the diversity of the combination of environmental factors: natural physical and geographical and anthropogenic. The 24 communities represented can be divided into two groups: 1) communities dominated by species of the genus Salsola; 2) communities containing species of the genus Salsola. As a result, it was found that the annual species of the genus Salsola: S. nitraria, S. paulsenii and S. tragus are well adapted to the habitat conditions in the study area and can be used in reclamation work in desert zones.
Representatives of the Chenopodiaceae Vent. family are the hallmark of the flora of the desert regionsof Kazakhstan, as they far outnumber other leading families. Moreover, this applies not only to the flora of the mountainousterritories, but also to the flora of the river valleys, in particular, the flora of the wide valley of the Syrdarya river. Thepredominance of Chenopodiaceae is due to the excellent adaptability of its species to desert conditions. Quite a few speciesof Chenopodiaceae are dominant plant communities, especially in the middle deserts of the North Turan province. Amongthem there are many species that have useful properties (forage, landscape, medicinal, etc.). The aim of the work was toidentify the current species composition of the Chenopodiaceae family (Amaranthaceae Juss.) of the flora of the desertpart of the Syrdarya river valley. Classical botanical methods were used in the research process. As a result of the conductedstudies, the modern species composition of the Chenopodiaceae family of the studied territory, consisting of 112 speciesfrom 38 genera, was revealed. The three largest genera include genera: Salsola–17 species, Atriplex–15 species, Suaeda–11species. The remaining genera contain from 6 to 1 species. Genera represented by a small number of species predominate(26 genera of 1–2 species each).
The features of the anatomical structure of Salsola arbuscula Pall., S. tragus L., S. paulsenii Litv. are presented. It is noted that the leaf blades of the studied species belong to the salsoloid type. The mesophyll of the leaf is centric. The hypoderma plays the role of the water-bearing parenchyma. In the water-bearing parenchyma of S. tragus and S.paulsenii calcium oxalate crystals have been found. In the central part of the leaf there is a single conducting beam of thecollateral type in all species. A characteristic feature in the anatomical study of the stem of S. tragus is the peculiarity ofthe collenchyma, which lies only in the area of protrusions and forms up to 7 layers of cells. The general features of theorganization of the studied species are the similarity in the succulent structure of the leaf blade, which causes large-cellwater-bearing parenchyma and the rounded shape of the cells in the three studied species of saltwort.
This article provide information about the Herbarium Collection of the Institute of Botany and Phyto-Inoduct (AA)/A list of measures to replenish and preserve herbarium specimens is given. The significance of Herbarium as the main tool for studying the biological diversity of the flora of Kazakhstan is substantiated.
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