Surface water in the lower Oueme valley is prone to various pressures from anthropogenic activities as well as poor hygiene practices that favour its pollution. The present research aims to study the physicochemical quality of surface waters. Thus, seven (07) sampling sites have been selected with eighteen (18) parameters analysed. These are variables such as: hydrogen potential, temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, suspended matter, calcium, magnesium, potassium, ammonium, nitrates, ortho-phosphates, chloride, sulphates, sodium, COD and BOD5 during high and low waters. The data were then processed through the Water Quality Assessment System (SEQ-Water) to determine the overall water quality. Similarly, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to assess the relationships between the variables studied and their spatial distribution. The results show that during the two periods, surface waters are of very good quality 47.06% and 52.94%, of good quality 41.18% and 11.76%, of fair quality 17.65% observed only in low waters, of poor quality 5.88% and 11.76% and finally of very poor quality with 5.88%. As for the multivariate statistical study carried out through the PCA, it indicates the strong positive correlation of the variables NH4+, Na+, Cl-, CE and SO42- in periods of low water as well as the variables Mg2+ and T° strongly correlated in high water. Wastewater discharges, agricultural activities and poor hygiene practices are the main cause of water pollution.
Water deficit remains one of the main limiting factors for agricultural production in Benin. This research aims to contribute to a better understanding of the indicators of climatic variability on cotton in the commune of Banikoara. This objective is achieved through a methodological approach that takes into account documentation, field work and data processing. Climatological data related to rainfall and temperature for the period 1960-2020 and producers perceptions were used. Field surveys of producers and resource persons, i.e. one hundred and ninety-six (196) people, were carried out in ten (10) villages chosen according to their weight in cotton production. The results showed that seasonal rainfall totals, the number of rainy days and average monthly rainfall show a significant downward trend over the period 1960-2020. Temperatures have increased over the periods 1978-1989 and 1996-2020. The average temperature has increased by 1.9°C. The end and length of the rainy season have shown a significant trend towards earlier and shorter rainfall respectively. All these parameters have an impact on cotton production and yield.
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