The effect of various salts on the GFAAS determination of aluminium in renal and peritoneal dialysis fluids was evaluated. Although calcium chloride produced the most marked interference other chlorides also depressed the aluminium signal. The day-to-day variation between calibration graphs was considerable and therefore, initially, a single matrix-adjusted standard was used. Modification of the furnace programme to employ shorter ramp times for the drying and pre-treatment stages together with the introduction of orthophosphoric acid as a matrix modifier were shown to eliminate matrix effects. A simple non-adjusted aluminium standard could be used and the method was applicable to both dialysis fluids and raw materials. Three batches of peritoneal dialysis fluid were analysed with satisfactory precision and contained aluminium levels between 8.43 and 9.06 pg I-' and three batches of renal dialysis fluid contained between 9.11 and 10.05 pg I-' of aluminium, all well within the accepted limits.
Summary The problems associated with aluminium contamination of dialysis fluids are reviewed. The major sources of such contamination are generally the water supply or salts used in the manufacture of the fluids. It is generally desirable to keep the aluminium concentration of the dialysate below 15 μg/l. This trace level of aluminium results in problems of analysis. Literature methods, notably atomic absorption spectroscopy with electrothermal atomization, neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy are considered. Results from these methods are not always in agreement. It is concluded that graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF‐AAS) is the most suitable technique. However, it is necessary to consider the effect of matrix interferences, notably chloride, on the determination of aluminium in dialysis fluids by this method. Reliable results for trace aluminium determinations by GF‐AAS can be obtained using a suitable furnace programme together with matrix adjusters such as nitric or orthophosphoric acids.
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