The tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) destroyed tomato plants in seven of the Northern states in Nigeria, and has been found in two other states in the South in 2016. The study assessed the incident of the tomato leafminer attack using a questionnaire survey in one of the affected states, for a case study of the problem. A short literature review on bio-ecology of T. absoluta was also conducted, and responses to questionnaires were presented. It appeared that knowledge of farmers on pests and management procedures was poor. The results showed that farmers were not properly oriented on pest reporting, and many farmers were unaware of the existence of government pest support programs. Pest monitoring programs and post attack response systems were found inadequate. Many farmers perceived that the pest was new while some respondents reported that similar attacks occurred on their farms in the previous year. Most respondents declined to answer questions on the possibility of agrobioterrorism being the cause of the attack. We found a lacuna in the government policy which could be potentially exploited by agro-terrorists to inflict attack on crops in a new dimension, but there is no evidence of agro-terrorism in relation to attack on tomato by T. absoluta in Nigeria. The findings could be useful in the development of pest mitigating strategies in agro-dependent developing countries.
Beekeeping is a new venture in recent times that has the potential of improving the livelihoods of the Nigeria citizenry. A good proportion of youth and adults engaged in beekeeping. The study was embarked upon to investigate the fiscal performance of beekeeping as a possibility of reducing youth unemployment and alleviating poverty among the citizenry. Specifically, the study described the socio-economic variables of beekeepers income generating potentials of the enterprise, measured the economic efficiency and identified the constraints to honey beekeeping in the study area. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 120 respondents' purposively selected using a snowballing technique. The data collected was analyzed using Frequency counts and percentages, as well as profitability analysis and efficiency ratios. Results showed that honey beekeeping was carried out mostly by young, enlightened male respondents on a part-time basis. Most of them were members of the beekeeping association. The result also showed that the gross margin derived from Beekeeping was N16, 306, which constituted 93.68% of the total revenue. Also, the Expense Structure Ratio (ESR), Benefits Cost Ratio (BCR) Rate of Return, Gross ratio (GR) Economic Efficiency (EE) was 0.79, 2.30, 2.30, 0.69 and 2.30 respectively. All the efficiency ratios indicated that beekeeping was profitable and worth venturing. The major constraints to Beekeeping in the study area were disturbance by farmers through some farm practices such as clearing, spraying of insecticides, hunting, fetching of firewood and felling trees as well as by cattle ranchers and climate variability.
Nigeria is Africa’s most populous nation and has such a great ethnic, cultural and religious diversity.The Nigerian paradox has continued to baffle the world because the poverty level in the countrycontradicts the country’s immense wealth as over 70 per cent of the population wallow in absolutepoverty with no food, clothing or shelter (Obayelu and Ogunlade, 2006). The general picture, however,is of a country struck by poverty, maladministration and increasing internal conflicts. Poverty is painful.The poor suffers physical, emotional and moral pains (Deepa et al, 2000). The poor lives withoutfundamental freedoms of action and choice that the better-off takes for granted (Sen, 1999). Poorpeople often lack adequate food and shelter, education and suffer health deprivations that keep themfrom leading the kind of life that everyone values. They also face extreme vulnerability of ill-healtheconomic dislocation and natural disasters and they are often exposed to ill-treatment by institutions ofthe State and Society and are powerless to influence key decisions affecting their lives. According toThis Day (2007), above one million eight hundred thousand Nigerians stood up against poverty as partof a global call. A record 38 million people world-wide observed the anti-poverty call, eclipsing the 23.5million figures for 2006.
The impact of the Internet on teaching and learning processes has taken previously unimaginable dimensions, by curriculum specialists and educational technologists, from both developed and developing societies. Though the Internet has transformed the way knowledge is created, presented and acquired, it has also deepened the fundamental inequalities which have affected the quality of higher education provision in the 21st century, especially in developing societies like Nigeria, where poverty and underdevelopment are still an integral part of the social realities. This chapter examines the phenomenon of poverty and phobia regarding Internet connectivity and usage among university students in south-western Nigeria. Using the descriptive survey research method, a five-point likert-type structured questionnaire was administered on 362 randomly selected students from 7 universities in south-western Nigeria. Findings indicated that respondents have a high confidence level of 78% for Internet usage, with the major challenge being the cost and low quality Internet connectivity, notwithstanding the urban locations of the institutions. Internet access by students is generally low due to high costs of Internet connectivity, access, sporadic and unstable electricity. There is general absence of financial aid mechanisms and this makes it difficult for students to procure reliable Internet access, even though they have high confidence level to utilize it.
The attitude of urban dwellers is essential to the sustainable management of green spaces and parks in their environment. The study was carried out to examine various ways of raising fund, preferred mode of contribution and determinants of mode of contribution of the respondents to sustainable management of urban green spaces and parks. A total of 120 respondents were purposively selected based on the existence of green spaces and parks in six local government areas of Lagos state, Nigeria, Frequency counts, percentages and multivariate Probit regression model were used to analyze the data. The result shows that voluntary donations and Tax were rated by 40.8% of the respondents respectively as the most viable way of generating funds for sustainable management and maintenance of urban green spaces and park in Lagos state. Also, 46.67% of the respondents were willing to donate or pay cash as their means of contributing to sustainable management of green spaces and parks, while 6.67% were not willing to donate or render any assistance for sustainable management of green spaces and parks. The study affirmed that the Sex, Marital status, and average monthly income of the respondents had positive and significant influence on the respondents’ contribution to sustainable management of urban green space and parks, while educational level had a negative influence on the mode respondents’ contribution to sustainable management of green spaces and parks.
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