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Species relationships between the cultivated chickpea Cicer arietinum and the two newly discovered wild species C. echinospermum and C. reticulatum were assessed through breeding experiments and cytological examination of the hybrids.The two wild species differed from each other by a major reciprocal translocation and their hybrid was completely sterile. The wild species C. echinospermum also differed from the cultivated species by the same translocation and their hybrid was highly sterile. The other wild species, C" reticulatum, was crossed readily with the cultivated chickpea. Meiosis of the hybrids, involving 4 different C. arietinum lines, was normal, and they were fertile. This wild species therefore can be considered as the wild progenitor of the cultivated chickpea.