Summary
The metamorphic complex of Samos is composed mainly of marbles and phyllites, typically with intercalations of serpentinites, meta-gabbros, blueschists, and greenschists.
The meta-gabbros show typical flaser-structures, but contain frequent textural relics of the igneous protolith as well as relict clinopyroxene and brown hornblende. Primary plagioclase is totally replaced by albite, epidote or zoisite. Critical mineral assemblages of the Alpidic metamorphism are:
albite + epidote + chlorite + glaucophane ± barroisite + sphene,
albite + epidote + zoisite + tremolite + muscovite + sphene,
albite + epidote + chlorite + tremolite ± barroisite ± muscovite ± calcite ± sphene.
Associated glaucophanites show the following critical assemblages (+ sphene ± rutile):
garnet + glaucophane + epidote ± barroisite + chlorite + muscovite ± paragonite,
glaucophane + epidote + chlorite + muscovite + albite ± quartz.
The major and trace element chemistry confirms that the metabasites are derived from abyssal tholeiites and related gabbros.
The metapelites of Samos frequently contain chloritoid which, in the eastern part of the island, may be accompanied by kyanite, and rarely by Mg-carpholite. Meta-bauxites in eastern Samos contain diaspore, in western Samos diaspore + corundum (Mposkos 1978).
At the peak of metamorphism temperatures may have reached about 420° and 470°C in east and in west Samos respectively, assuming elevated pressures of about 8 kbar.
In this communication, we present briefly the stratigraphie and tectonic evolution of the hellenic region during the alpine orogenetic cycle and also during the metapline and prealpine periods. From this discussion easily understands the great structural complication of this area. Afterwards we examine the progress of the basic geological research in our country which unfortynately is inexcusably in a quite low level, for the time being, especially regarding the section of Applied Geology. Finally, we submit specific proposals for the confrontation of this unacceptable situation.
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