Morphometric characterization using truss network systems has been widely used for fish identification and stock identification. In Sri Lanka, differentiation of Oreochromis mossambicus and O. niloticus, the two major species in reservoir fishery, using conventional morphometric characteristic and phenotypic variations is problematic, due to the reasons that both species share somewhat similar body shape characteristics and that the populations of the two species have mixed characteristics as a result of introgressive hybridization. In the present study, an attempt was made to employ truss network analysis to differentiate O. mossambicus and O. niloticus. Truss measurements of 100 specimens of O. mossambicus from Negombo lagoon and 100 specimens of O. niloticus from Baira lake were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). Before the analysis, two approaches of data transformation were employed to minimize to eliminate any size effect in the data set of truss measurements. It was concluded that the data standardization method using a geometric mean regression techniques on the logarithms of truss length and total length was more effective for morphometric differentiation of the two cichlid species than using ratio of truss length to standard length for data transformation.
Background: Undiagnosed anxiety and depression are obstacles for the effective treatment of post-surgical dysphagia. The prevalence and associations between postsurgical dysphagia and anxiety and depression are poorly studied areas in Sri Lanka. Aims: This study aimed to determine the proportion of anxiety and depression among patients with dysphagia following oral, oral maxillofacial (OMF), and neck surgeries, and to identify the associations between the severity and stage of dysphagia, and the occurrence of anxiety and depression. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 95 participants with post-operative dysphagia following oral, OMF and neck surgeries, at four tertiary care hospitals. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, oral-motor and cranial nerve examination, the 3ml water swallow test, cervical auscultation and the Dysphagia Severity Rating Scale were used for data collection. Results: The majority of the participants (52%) presented with dysphagia in the pharyngeal phase, and 51% presented with severe dysphagia. Among the participants, 52% screened positive for depression and 39% for anxiety, while 37% and 47% showed borderline levels of depression and anxiety respectively. There was a statistically significant association between increasing severity of dysphagia and increasing levels of anxiety. Conclusions: This study reflects that there is a high psychological burden among patients with dysphagia following oral, OMF, and neck surgeries. This highlights the need for the incorporation of interdisciplinary treatment strategies, as undiagnosed anxiety and depression are likely to impact negatively on the rehabilitation and management of patients with dysphagia.
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