The study was undertakento detect the type of adulterants and preservatives added to the incoming fluid milk from rural areas to the Barisal city of Bangladesh. Total fifty milk samples were collected from five different entry points of Karapure, Dabdopia, Shaestabad, Goriarpar and Khanpura of Barisal district where ten samples were taken from each entry point. The results indicated that, 100% of the milk samples were adulterated with water irrespective of collection points and months. Cane sugar, powdered milk and starch were detected as 26.0, 14.0 and 12.0% in the milk samples, respectively. Two types of preservatives namely formalin and sodium bicarbonate were detected in the fluid milk from the study areas. Out of all samples, 10.0% was adulterated with formalin and 20.0% with sodium bicarbonate. However, none of the samples contained either hydrogen peroxide or borax. There was a positive relationship between day temperature and intensity of adding preservatives to the fluid milk. As the day temperature increased, the number of preservative positive samples also increased in a linear fashion and vice versa. It could therefore be inferred that, the consumers need to be more cautious regarding the quality of raw milk specially in summer season.

The aim of the study was to know the effect of heat stress on milk yield and its composition of Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cows rearing under intensive management system.Heat stress in dairy cows is caused by a combination of environmental factors i.e. temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and air movement, etc. Grading-up of local cattle by temperate breeds for greater performance results to increase the sensitivity to heat stress. The trial was conducted during hot (May-July) and cool period (December-February) on a total of 12 crossbred dairy cows in early lactation period (first 60 days of lactation). The selected cows were divided into two groups namely as G1 (Holstein-Friesian 50% × Local 50%) and G2 (Holstein-Friesian 75% × Local 25%) and each group containing three cows of 3rd lactation in both periods of trail. Cows of each group were offered same quality and quantity of feed and reared in same management condition in both the trail periods. The mean average temperature humidity index (THI) of the stanchion barn were 70.83± 0.535 and 83.87± 0.375 in cool and hot period, respectively. The differences of THI of cool and hot season was significant (p<0.05). The average rectal temperature (0F) of G1 group was 101.51± 0.027and 102.15±0.049 in cool and hot period, respectively. On the other hand, the average rectal temperature (0F) of G2 group was 101.68± 0.035 and 102.5±0.052 in cool and hot period, respectively. The differences of rectal temperature of both groups between cool and hot season were significant (p<0.05). The average milk yield (Liter/day) of both groups was significantly (p<0.05) higher in cool period (14.92±0.019 and 19.54± 0.116 for G1 and G2 group, respectively) than in hot period (12.84±0.152 and 15±0.137 for G1 and G2 group, respectively). The milk yield of G2 group hampered more compare to G1 group due to higher THI during hot season. The milk fat, protein and lactose of both groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) during lower THI period compare to higher THI period, while the higher values of minerals detected in higher THI period but the differences were not statistically significant (p<0.05). From the result it is evident that the milk yield and composition are greatly affected by the heat stress during early lactation period.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (3): 192-197

The study was undertaken to have a comparative investigation on the quality of available brand and non-brand fluid milk consumed by the inhabitants of Chittagong City (CC). Milk samples were collected from the city vendors, departmental stores, households and dairy farms. A total of 100 samples were analyzed for nutritional (percentage of butter fat, solids-not-fat and protein), chemical (pasteurization test, added preservatives and adulteration status) and microbial (standard plate count and coliform count) parameters to evaluate the quality of the collected milk samples. The study reveals that the collected milk samples show significant (P˂0.01) variation in nutritional, chemical and microbiological parameters among the sources. All brands milk samples were properly pasteurized. The quality of milk samples from local farms was good except coliform counts. All the samples possessed high coliform counts. The quality of farm produced milk and rural milk were deteriorated by middlemen due to adulteration with water. Water adulteration was detected in 68% and 54% of the milk samples in case of vendor supplied rural and vendor supplied farm milk respectively. Most alarming fact is more than 10% milk samples contained formalin in case of vendor supplied rural milk. It may be concluded that both the vendor supplied rural milk and vendor supplied farm milk were low quality due to water adulteration and added formalin preservatives respectively.

Background: There are no in-depth research on commercial dairying management and performance of dairy cows under commercial dairying in Chittagong, Bangladesh. The good farming practice and cow’s productivity leads the farm profitability. This study may assist to overcome the problems related to the profitability of dairy farms.Methods: The study was conducted in 28 commercial dairy farms based on two types of data. Primary data: generated from stock inventory and farm management information using a pretested survey questionnaire and analyzed data of average production performance and quality of milk traits indifferent crosses collected directly four times season wise (summer, monsoon and winter) from each selected farms of Chittagong, Bangladesh from 2014 to 2015.Result: Overall management system of irrespective categories of farms was in moderate condition with some exception. Highest number of milking animal was 50% HF × 50% L cross under all farm categories. Crosses of 75% HF × 25% L were highest in number under farm category A and lowest C. In terms of milk quality and quantity, farms with higher number of animals were in better condition. Daily average milk yield was significantly higher in monsoon followed by summer and winter. Therefore, this current study would be helpful for the dairy farmers to find out an expected solution to overcome the problems in this sector.

Background: Farmers are not satisfied by the production performance of different crossbred Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Therefore, the study was taken to find out the effect of farm categories on milk yield and milk constituents of different HF crossbred at Chattogram, Bangladesh. Methods: This study was conducted from July 2014 to June 2015 in Chattogram Metropolitan Area (CMA), Potia, Mirsharai and Fatikchari upazilla (sub-district) of Chittagong, Bangladesh. For this study fourteen (14) commercial dairy farms in three different categories as A (50 greater than milking cows), B (31 greater than 50 milking cows) ,C (11 greater than 30 milking cows) with 98 cows for each of the 3 crosses named as 50%HF×50% Local (L), 75%HF×25%L and 50%HF×50% Sahiwal (SH) at their third parity were selected. Farms under the same category were selected based on similarities in feeding and other management practices. Quality of raw milk was obtained by analyzing the milk samples collected from an individual animal of the selected farm at an interval of seven days by using a milk scanner (Lactostar, Model no. 3510, Funke Gerber, Germany) in the Laboratory of Dairy Science of Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU). Result: A significant difference (P less than 0.05) in milk yield and constituents except lactose and minerals was observed among the same and different crossbreds of HF under different farm categories. The highest daily average milk yield and quality were observed in different crosses of farms belong category A, but their performances decreased gradually with poor management systems in farms belong to categories B and C. So, farm category has a significant effect on milk quality and quantity in different crosses of Holstein. This study would help the commercial dairy farmers in choosing suitable crosses of Holstein-Friesian for farms belong to different categories.