I. INTRODUCTIONRich Internet Applications (RIAs) are very complex Web based systems [1], [2]. RIAs are encompassed with various types of components, integrated in diverse ways, making the RIAs more complex systems [3]. Numerous Technologies and Techniques (TTs), frameworks, libraries, and tools had been introduced over the last decade for the development of these components of RIAs [4]. However, these TTs, frameworks, libraries, and tools do not improve the fundamental concepts in the core of the RIAs [2], and the complexity remains due to the lack of realization of the abstract architectural formalism of the RIAs. Moreover, these TTs may introduce new layers of complexity and learning curves into development. Therefore, in the terms of the complexity, the advancement of TTs and tools does not provide much assistance.Even though lots of tools had been introduced and many researches had been conducted in the domain of RIAs, still few researches have focused on the abstract fundamental concepts of the RIAs; and standard definitions for these concepts have still not been articulated [5]. Definitions of the concepts provide precise common understanding of the subject towards proper utilization of the concept. If we can realize the fundamental abstract (by the means of TTs independent) architectural elements of RIAs and their characteristics well enough and strongly define them, the complexity can be reduced; since the complexity encloses the difficulties in understanding the software systems [6].Our ongoing research intends to reduce the complexity of the RIAs by identifying the fundamental abstract architectural elements of RIAs, specifying their characteristics, and introducing terms and definitions for them; in the direction of introducing an abstract architectural style for RIAs. This paper focuses on the rich communication model of the RIAs, which can be seen as the power of the RIAs (This is further discussed in section III). This rich communication model has two communication modes according to the direction of the data transmitted: 1) data-pull and 2) data-push. In data-pull mode, the client requests and fetches data (or pulls data) from the server, based on the traditional request-response model. In data-push mode, the server-components push the data to the client-component(s) when needed, without receiving a request from the client. In this paper we focus only on the data-pull mode.This paper discusses the fundamental characteristics of the rich communication model of the RIAs, as identified through the literature survey and empirical evidence gained from a series of experiments; then proposes a definition, indicating the limitations of the general term "Asynchronous Communication", which is currently used to denote this rich communication model. Based on this definition, the paper also delivers a term and a definition for the simplest abstract technique, which can be implemented using this rich communication model; which is exploited in the popular technique named Asynchronous Javascript And Xml (AJAX) [7...

Abstract-Computer simulations are used in many disciplines as a methodology of mimicking behaviors of a physical system or a process. In our study we have developed a real-time six degree-of-freedom (6DOF), computational model that can replicate the dynamics of a ram-air parachute system which is the design of parachute that is widely used by the militaries worldwide for parachute jumps. The proposed model is expected to be adapted in to a real-time visual simulator which would be used to train parachute jumpers. A statistical evaluation of the proposed model is done using a dataset taken from NASA ram-air parachute wind tunnel test.

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Abstract-Rich Internet Applications have gained a good demand in web engineering, and AJAX plays a major role as a script based technique to develop Rich Internet Applications, even though its adoption is considered difficult due to various complexities. If the root cause for these complexities can be identified and the difficulties can be overcome, we can simplify the AJAX based Rich Internet Applications engineering and support the Rapid Application Development methodology to produce Rich Web Apps faster, while maintaining the quality. We have identified the importance of a general architecture for Rich Internet Applications -which is capable of addressing the difficulties in AJAX adoption -and we propose some essential features which need to be expected from the general architecture; based on the knowledge gained from a survey and a series of experiments. These features are supposed to be used, to design a general hybrid Rich Internet Application architecture -which increases the support in Rapid Application Development -in our ongoing research.Index Terms-AJAX, rich internet applications, complexities, architecture, rapid application development.

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