The state of the oil and gas industry in Russia is considered. Problems and difficulties are described, such as depletion of deposits, a decrease in the number of discoveries of new fields, ineffective production methods due to the lack of modern innovative technologies, imperfect legislation, licensing of large state-owned enterprises, reduction of proved reserves, lack of funding, etc. Ways to solve them are proposed, including the need to develop a special state program to support geological surveys, with specifics, with effective control over its implementation.
The problems of the strategy for the development of the fuel and energy complex in Russia are noted. Particular attention is paid to the need for government regulation as a basic component of the organizations of measures that would ensure the normal functioning of the fuel and energy complex and its effective development in the interests of the country, its population and private capital. It is proposed to create a coherent system for managing the innovation process throughout the country, developing certain standards, mechanisms to stimulate the introduction of new technologies, including in the field of geological exploration.
Energy strategy of the Russian Federation until 2035 defines the goals, objectives, problems, and indicators of the development of the country fuel and energy complex in two stages: 2020–2024 and 2025–2035. It is focused on achieving two strategic priorities — sustainable social and economic development of the country and ensuring its national security and safety. The great importance is paid to the development of all major energy sectors: oil, gas, coal, petrochemical, electric power, nuclear, hydrogen. The key indicators of the development of energy sector are the following: the coefficients of reproduction and extraction of energy resources to increase in the gross domestic product, the growth in consumption of energy resources and ensure the life activities of the state. The achievement of the stated goals and indicators is linked to the strategy of the scientific and technological development in the main spheres of sustainment, increase in the level of state regulation, control and supervision over the implementation of the strategy in the field of industrial and energy safety. This will be facilitated by the long and significant experience of interaction between Rostechnadzor and the Russian Academy of Sciences. At the same time, the use of a risk-based approach gains key importance to substantiate, ensure and improve safety in the fuel and energy complex following the requirements of the federal legislation. The socio-economic efficiency of the implementation of the strategy is proposed to be quantified by the interrelated indicators of the growth rate of the gross domestic product and the increase in the level of safety. In this case, it is required to consider the emerging and acceptable risks determined through the likelihood of hazardous processes occurrence and damage from them at various stages of the country development. These approaches are reflected in the multivolume publication «Safety of Russia», summarizing the legal, socio-economic and scientific-technical aspects of safety and development of the country.
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