Morphology controllable ZnO nanorods on glass substrates were synthesized with controlling concentration of precursors in chemical bath deposition. Effects of concentration of precursors on the morphology, structural and optical properties of ZnO nanorods were investigated. With increasing the concentration of precursors, diameter and length of ZnO nanorods increased, crystallinity and transmittance of ZnO nanorods were improved. ZnO nanorods with large surface area, good crystallinity and high optical transmittance had been achieved by optimizing concentration of precursors. The ZnO nanorods growth mechanism for the influence by concentration of precursors was interpreted in details.
The Phenomenon of Sulfide Stress Corrosion (SSC) can result in catastrophic failures in pressurized equipment and piping leading to extensive damages, injuries and possible fatalities. SSC, a major degradation process in metals, is commonly associated with the petroleum industry where a high concentration of H2S is involved. For pipelines in the petroleum and natural gas industries, API 5L Grade B Steel type is extensively used. This research focuses on developing a correlation between load at fracture and time period exposed to a constant H2S concentration under a constant load. Furthermore, the mechanism of growing the depth of corrosion is studied in terms of microstructural analysis. Correlations of depth of corrosion versus exposure time and load at fracture versus exposure time have been developed. It was concluded that variation of the load at fracture with the depth of corrosion closely fits the proposed model within the 55 µm to 80 µm depth range. Additionally, the progress of developing micro cracks towards the unaffected metal has significantly contributed to the drastic reduction in load bearing capability beyond the depth of corrosion around 55 µm. The results showed that the combined effect of developing of microcracks and formation of sulfides within the corrosion layer and base metal has led to the ultimate brittle fracture of specimens.
This research study focussed on how the mechanical properties-hardness, strength and ductility-of aluminium 6063 T5 extrudates get improved when the magnesium content of the extrudates is increased. The average hardness, yield strength and the percentage elongation of the extrudates produced by Alumex (Pvt) Ltd were taken as the reference values. Magnesium content was varied in the standard range of 0.45-0.9 wt% by introducing calculated amounts of pure Mg ingot (99.9% Mg). The hardness, yield strength and elongation of the samples which had different amounts of Mg in them were measured using a vickers hardness testing machine and a standard tensile testing machine. The experimental results obtained showed that the hardness and the yield strength of the samples increased and that their ductility decreased when their Mg contents were increased from 0.45% to 0.71%. However, it was observed that there was a general reduction in the hardness and yield strength, and a drastic reduction in the elongation of the samples when the Mg content was increased beyond 0.71%.
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