The data obtained on 220-T ultra-high power electric arc furnace (EAF) were analysed in order to study the impact of DRI quality on the steelmaking process parameters and consumption of lime, coke, oxygen, natural gas, electrical energy and electrodes. In addition, the effects of charging methods and proportions of DRI in an EAF were studied. It was found that by increasing the proportion of non-high quality reduced pellets and/or HBI to 45% of the metallic charge, the steel yield decreased to 85.32% and increased to 87.57% when between 75 and 100% continuous feeding of high quality reduced pellets. This resulted in saving 21 min in tap-to-tap time and 7% of the electrode consumption. Charging high proportion of non-high quality DRI from 45% to 100% in EAF, leads to a loss of 4 tons/heat in liquid steel, and an increase in lime consumption from 4 to 6 kg/ton liquid steel.
When nickel alloys are smelted in a vacuum induction furnace, the challenge is to refine the metal and retain the alloying elements and the nickel. In the present work, a model is developed for the behavior of all the components of complex alloys during refining in a vacuum induction furnace. The limiting stage is assumed to be the transfer of the components to the gas phase. In that case, the flux of each alloy component to the gas phase is determined from the Langmuir equation. The model adequately predicts the evaporation of the components of complex nickel alloys during refining in a vacuum induction furnace. The proposed algorithm may be used to calculate the change in mass and composition of nickel alloys over time in the course of refining in a vacuum induction furnace of specific capacity, with specified residual pressure and temperature.
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