The results of an experimental study of the regularities of the distribution of chlorine between solid and gaseous products during the thermal decomposition of a mixture of chlorine-containing medical waste during their pyrolysis and incineration are presented. It is shown that under thermal action on the chlorine-containing components of the mixture, chlorine is partially converted into gaseous products in the form of Hcl, and partially retained by the coke-ash residue. During pyrolysis, the bulk of chlorine remains in the solid phase. It is concluded that the retention of a significant proportion of chlorine by solid products of thermal decomposition significantly reduces the possibility of dioxin synthesis at the stage of flue gas cooling due to the low content of free chlorine in them.
The results of the study of the destruction of a model mixture of medical waste (MW) of typical composition and their components in the range of pyrolysis temperature of 400–650 °C are presented. It is shown that during the initial stage of waste heating by the time the temperature reaches 350 °C, 86–88 % of chlorine in the form of hydrogen chloride (HCl) passes into the gas phase. Considered developed and protected by the patent of the Russian Federation scheme of organization of thermal utilization of MW by two-stage pyrolysis with the removal of HCl from the gas stream at the first stage of the process with its subsequent neutralization with an alkaline solution, which significantly reduces the possibility of the formation of dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) in the second stage of pyrolysis, gaseous products in the form of a concentrated gas-vapor mixture are burned at a temperature of 1000–1350 °C, which ensures fire destruction of all the organic components of pyrolysis and environmental safety of exhaust flue gases.
Experimental data on the temperature dependence of the yield of the products of thermal processing of brown Kansk-Achinsk coal by a solid heat-transfer agent are presented. A pyrolysis system based on commercial UTT-3000 units for shale processing is examined.
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