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In certain parts of the world it is highly relevant to use spiral welded pipes for offshore applications. This is driven by cost, project characteristics and the desire to manufacture the pipe close to where it is to be used. Spiral welded line pipe has been used extensively for onshore applications, however there has been some reluctance to specify spiral welded line pipe for offshore applications. A joint industry project is beeing carried out together with coil manufacturers, pipe manufacturers, installation contractors and operators to review the status regarding offshore applications for spiral welded pipes and identify the most critical technology gaps using a technology qualification process. Detailed suggestions as to how the gaps can be met have been made. An update on efforts to close these gaps is ongoing. The challenges for spiral welded line pipe include design, metallurgical and quality control issues. The design issues include fracture arrest, collapse and displacement controlled loading conditions which are all highlighted in DNVs standard for submarine pipelines (DNV OS F101). The design issues regarding load controlled displacement are mainly due to limited experience with spiral welded line pipe subjected to large strains. For running fracture the limited experience with spiral welded pipe for offshore applications is an issue. There are 5 new spiral welded pipe mills in United States so availability has improved. The review includes an assessment of typical pipe material test results and whether properties required for offshore applications can reasonably be expected. Introduction Det Norske Veritas (U.S.A.), Inc. (DNV) and MCSKenny are carrying out a joint industry project (JIP) to investigate the suitability of spiral welded pipe for offshore applications. It appears that the industry has a general understanding that the performance of spiral welded (SAWH) pipes is different to Submerge Arc Welded (SAWL)/ High Frequency Welded(HFI)/ Electric Resistance Welded ERW linepipe when exposed to the same loading conditions, and that currently existing design standards for offshore applications may not be applicable. An important issue is to establish how the spiral wound linepipe can be produced consistently to a high level of quality, and what is required by the design standard for spiral welded pipe to be fit for purpose for offshore use. Some of the main areas of concern regarding the quality of spiral wound linepipe will be discussed. The aim is to assess whether SAWH linepipe can be considered equivalent to SAWL and HFI/ERW linepipe. The use of spiral welded linepipe (SAWH) for pipelines has generally been the most popular manufacturing choice of linepipe for onshore low pressure pipelines, pipelines transporting water, ship borne piping, or very shallow water, low pressure pipelines (= 500 ft). Recently there has been more interest in the use of spiral wound linepipe, due to the following reasons:There are five new SAWH pipe mills in America with "state-of-the-art" technology.SAWH linepipe is a cost-effective solution compared to the other manufacturing processes.Generally, the chemical compositions, mechanical properties and dimensional tolerances are assumed to be comparable to SAWL pipe.SAWH linepipe can be manufactured in 80 ft lengths with diameters from 20 to more than 100-inch OD and wall thicknesses ranging from approximately 9 to 25 mm.Some SAWH pipe mills have coating capabilities for 80 ft pipe lengths (FBE and 3-layer coating systems). 80 ft pipe lengths could mean less fabrication costs for the installation contractors.

Hypoeutectic aluminum silicon alloys without and with additions of magnesium, copper, iron, and strontium have been cast in a mold, giving directional solidification from a chill. Detailed temperature measurements have been carried out. Solidification modeling based on front tracking of the microstructure growth fronts allowed identification of the time and temperature at which the dendrite tips and the first eutectic pass the thermocouples. The undercooling, growth rate, and thermal gradients at the dendritic and eutectic growth fronts were derived. The effect of varying thermal parameters and alloy compositions on the microstructure was investigated. Compared to the binary alloy, a coarser eutectic was observed in the alloys with magnesium, iron, and/or copper. The coarsening is explained as a result of the transition from a eutectic forming at one specific temperature, to a eutectic forming over a temperature range. The former is likely to grow as a plane front, whereas the latter is likely to form an interdendritic eutectic mushy zone.