a negative impact on quality of life. The physician should remain vigilant for symptoms of depression as they may be mistaken for the progression of Parkinson's disease itself. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of depression in patients with parkinson's disease.we have recruited 53 patients, 35 males and 18 females aged 36-80 years(mean age 60 years), only 15% of patients have a job, two patints was already treated for depression. Diagnosis of depression was accorded to ICD10 criteria and evaluated by depression hamilton scale. Depression was diaqnosed in 26 patients (49,1%), it was light in 6 patients (23.1%), middle in 14 patients(53,8%), and heavy in 6 patients(23,1%). 15 patients have dysthymia. Depression occurring during Parkinson's disease must be treated; SSRI's are preferred, mainly because of its good tolerance. Next, recognition of the signs and symptoms of depression associated with Parkinson's disease is essential for clinical practitioners. It is important to identify the features of depression associated with Parkinson's disease in order to render early diagnosis and institute practical and efficacious therapy.
Aim of the work: To follow the significance of some psychological risk factors in patients with anxiety and depression symptoms with cardio-vascular diseases. Materials and methods: During the research we included 30 patients with anxiety and depression symptoms diagnosed with cardio-surgical diseases after cardio-surgical intervention. They were chosen randomly, hospitalized and treated in the Specialized cardio-surgical clinic Filip II, Skopje. The patients were of both sexes, aged 30-70. They were evaluated by HAMD and HAMA and non-standardized questionnaire. The patients were tested once two weeks after the cardio-surgical intervention. Results: In 25 patients there was a score increase in HAMD and HAMA in correlation with the psychological risk factors (stressful events: losing the job, losing someone you love, hostility, high professional plans and ambition) Conclusion: Psychologically unfavourable situations are risk factors which lead to anxiety and depression symptoms in cardio-vascular diseases.
This is an interventional study with pretesteposttest control group design. The main purpose of this research is the investigation effectiveness of enhancing of optimism skills on the locus of control in high school students. The main hypothesis of the study was: Enhancing the optimism skills increases the internal locus of control in high school students. The sample of this study was 40 students randomly selected from high schools of Gorgan city of Iran. Before intervention, two groups completed the pretests of Rutter's locus of control, Rosenberg's selfeesteem and Oxford happiness questionnaires. Subjects were divided into groups of external and internal locus of control. Externals participated in the training program of optimism skills for 8 sessions. After the intervention, both groups were tested by the same questionnaires again. Using T-test indicated that the difference between two groups is significant (p<0/007). Results showed that the training program of optimism skills is effective in changing external locus of control into internal. Totally, the result of this study, confirmed the utility and effectiveness of training optimism skills in internalization locus of control in high school students.
This is correlated with a high efficacy on the negative and depressive symptoms. Aripiprazole is a modulator and stabilizer of dopamine activity with a dual mechanism of action (antagonist/agonist. It has a long term efficacy on positive and negative symptoms but this effect isn't correlated with dose. Conclusion: If we consider that SGA psychopharmacological mechanism of action is heterogeneous that means we can estimate that clinical efficacy and side effects profile could be individualized. SGA represent safe and efficacious options for the treatment in schizophrenia but important step for a clinician remains to select the right drug.
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