Introduction/Objective The aim of this paper is to present changes of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in uterine flushings and serum of infertile female patients before and after hysteroscopic polypectomy. Methods A total of 82 infertile female patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group was the experimental group and comprised 56 infertile women with endometrial polyps, whereas the second group was the control group of 26 infertile women who were not diagnosed with endometrial polyps. Results The results of this research primarily suggest that TNF-α concentrations obtained from uterine flushings and serum of infertile patients diagnosed with endometrial polyps differed before and after a surgical procedure. In the control group of patients, there was no significant difference observed regarding TNF-α concentrations in serum and uterine flushings of women without endometrial polyps. A comparison between these two groups revealed differences in TNF-α concentrations in both venous blood and uterine flushings. These differences were considered statistically significant. Conclusion Endometrial polyps are one of the causes of higher TNF-α levels in both uterine flushings and serum.

Following the administration of similar doses of nitrogen mustard (4 mg/kg) to different strains of mice, wide variations in the subsequent degree of splenomegaly were observed, implying strain differences in the role of the spleen in the compensatory erythropoietic response to haematopoietic stress. This investigation was undertaken to determine whether or not these differences were related to the size of the haematopoietic stem cell compartment size in the various strains of mice. Groups of 4 different strains of mice (Swiss Webster, A/J, C57BL/6J and CS1/ASH) were injected i.v. with nitrogen mustard (4 mg/kg body weight) and autopsied at regular intervals up to 20 d post‐injection. At autopsy, the wet weight of the spleen was determined. Subsequently, groups of the same 4 strains of mice were exposed to single doses of wholebody γ‐irradiation in the range of 500–900 rads. 9 d after γ‐irradiation the mice were autopsied, their spleens removed, and the number of endogenous spleen colonies determined. The greatest degree of splenomegaly was observed in the C57bl/6J mice. The Swiss Webster mice showed no splenomegaly during the time period studied. There existed a linear inverse relationship between the maximum degree of splenomegaly observed and the dose of wholebody γ‐irradiation required to completely eliminate endogenous spleen colonies. This data is in accord with the hypothesis that there exists an inverse relationship between the extent of splenomegaly observed following haematopoietic stress and the haematopoietic stem cell compartment size.

An endometrial polyp is most commonly a benign, localized proliferation of the glands and the endometrial stroma, covered with epithelium and protruding above the level of the mucosa. These polyps are most often diagnosed during investigation into the causes of irregular menstrual bleeding or infertility. It is produced in the highest concentration during the secretory phase of the endometrial cycle. The level of glycodelin reaches its peak 12 days after ovulation. The aim of this paper was to determine the changes in the immunohistochemical expression of glycodelin at the level of the endometrium and in the tissue of the polyp, before and after hysteroscopic polypectomy, in infertile female patients with an endometrial polyp, and in the endometrial tissue of female patients without an endometrial polyp. The study included 82 infertile female patients. The infertile patients were divided into two groups. The first was the experimental group which included 56 infertile female patients who had an endometrial polyp. The second group was the control group, composed of 26 infertile female patients who did not have an endometrial polyp. The results obtained primarily indicate the existence of changes in the immunohistochemical expression of the cytokine glycodelin in the female patients from both the experimental and the control group, not only prior to but also after hysteroscopy. A larger number of patients who have an endometrial polyp show a lack of glycodelin expression, more pronouncedly so in the bioptate of the endometrium than in the endometrial polyp.