Adverse events such as medical errors, injuries, or equipment failures which could harm patients, caregivers, or other individuals or has the potential to harm them are known as medical incidents. Avoidance of unintended or unexpected harm to people during the provision of healthcare is mandatory. In healthcare settings incident reporting refers to collecting healthcare incident data with the aim of enhancing patient safety and quality of care. This review aims to discuss the practice, usefulness and drawbacks of Incident Reporting System (IRS) in healthcare systems. The history of adverse events assessment in hospital setup runs back till 1980s. Since then, many developed countries have put emphasis on the establishment of IRSs in their health systems. In 2005, the World Health Organization issued a guideline to be followed on the establishment of incident reporting systems in healthcare organizations. Benefits of incident reporting in healthcare systems include prevention of reoccurrences of adverse events, provision an updated knowledge and understanding about risk events, create lessons and promote safety-minded culture. It saves a considerable sum of money of the healthcare budget in the long run. Under-reporting is the main challenge in incident reporting. It is recommended to implement comprehensive IRSs in health services in all developing countries in order to drive good medical practice and to ensure the safety and quality of patient care.
Medical Error is defined as deviations from the identified process of care, which may or may not cause harm to the patient. Medical errors denote a serious public health problem and exert a threat to patient safety. Main causal factors of medical administration errors are medication name confusion and improper container labeling. As such, project has aimed to develop a standard medication trolley for the hospital to prevent drug and medication administration errors, thereby ensuring patient safety.
Digitalization of health system is defined as adaption of digital technology in health care service to offer high quality patient care. WHO has directed to implement digital system to health care service in order to achieve sustainable development goals. However, digitalization of health care system is lagging behind compared to other business environment due to poor leadership skills of the health care leaders. The objective of this review is to identify the roles and attributes of the health care leaders in order to perform in digital world. Best 30 articles were referred from the 80 articles related to digitalization of health care and leadership to write this review. Leaders need to come out of their comfort zone and understand the rapidly changing business field with the digitalization. Healthcare leaders are advised to go beyond their traditional leadership style and develop new leadership skills. The transformational leadership theory was identified as the starting point for ‘new-genre leadership’ models emphasizing that a leader’s style should be visionary, ideological, and participative, servant, or authentic where digital leader needs to perform. Leader-member exchange theory focuses on the nature and quality of the relationship between leaders and their team members which is the ideal for implementation of the digital health. Therefore, digital leader need to be flexible and adaptable to new ideas, intellectual curiosity, having transformative vision, forward-looking perspective, change-oriented, open minded, adaptable, innovative and a hunger for new knowledge. They need to be maintained a more egalitarian and results-oriented approach unlike previous traditional leaders. In addition, healthcare leaders need to developed better skills to manage finances, understanding of project management timeline and alternative options before digitalization of the health system. Digital leaders need to developed attributes such as the ability to influence, inspiring a shared vision, being proactive, and ability to avoid blaming others, being visionary and being innovative. They need to develop their analytics capability of the health care leaders are essential to ensure effective professional leadership. Delegation of work and effective communication are very important attributes a leader should perform when dealing with the digital health. To effective digitalization of health system to improve patient care service health care, leaders need to develop new leadership skills.
Timely available quality health information obtained through the regular monitoring systems to monitor the COVID-19 situation in the hospitals is essential to curtail any outbreak of infectious diseases. The main objective of this project was to collect heath information updated regularly through a web-based system in order to assess the readiness to face the 3rd wave of COVID-19 in Sri Lanka. The Hospital Information Updating System (Henceforth referred to as HIUS) was established on 25th May 2021 and an updated report has been created daily since the 1st of June 2021 in order to collect information pertaining to the management of COVID-19. According to the results, all secondary and tertiary care hospitals daily updating their information to the system. According to the 14/06/2021 dashboard, 108 ICU beds, 351 HDU beds and 1868 normal beds were occupied by Covid positive patients. At present, satisfactory number of vacant beds are being maintaining in the government hospitals of Sri Lanka for any future requirement.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan City, China in December 2019, and was named so by the International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses. The first case in Sri Lanka was Chinese national detected on 27 th January 2020 and first case from a local citizen was detected on 11 th March 2021. Sri Lanka has since faced three waves of COVID 19 outbreaks. At the moment, 3396, 92341, 390185 cases were reported in three waves respectively. All positive symptomatic patients had to be treated under the care of trained health care professionals in COVID management centers; around 3000 oxygen dependent patient including 170 in ICUs and 800 in HDUs were managed within government hospitals daily. Asymptomatic and mild asymptomatic patient were treated at ICCs and the rest of eligible patients were quarantined at their residence under the observation of a medical team. As such, this study seeks to increase the treatment capacity of the Sri Lankan health system and methods to face the increasing demand to serve COVID 19 patients.
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