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Analysis of data for the White and Wabash Rivers suggests means of determining discharge at the natural bankfull stage, despite the effects of artificial embanking and clearance of channels. Bankfull discharge, and discharge at mean annual flood, undergo an orderly downstream increase in percentage duration of flow.

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The Balearic Islands occupy a central space in the western Mediterranean, at the maritime crossroads between North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of southwestern Europe. As such, it is well placed to investigate changes in subsistence practices associated with the major cultural transitions following the arrival of Islamic rule. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis was carried out on bone collagen from the Islamic cemetery (ca. AD 950-1150) population excavated at 33 Bartomeu Vicent Ramon, Ibiza, including human (n = 42) and faunal remains (n = 3). Stable oxygen and carbon isotope analysis was also undertaken on human tooth enamel carbonate (n = 6), and six humans were directly radiocarbon dated, confirming the presence of two distinct burial phases. The collagen results emphasise a C 3 -based diet, with variable but generally minor contributions from marine and/or C 4 foods. However, the enamel carbonate results indicate a far greater importance of C 4 crops than suggested by the collagen results, contributing up to 40% of energy intake. In keeping with previous studies of the region and period, the dietary contribution of marine protein is probably limited. A small number of outliers in both collagen and carbonate isotope results are identified, suggesting the presence of individuals originating elsewhere. The results are compared with those from previous investigations on the Balearics and the Spanish mainland, highlighting the complexity of factors-both cultural and methodological-affecting inter-regional dietary investigation.

Symbols____________________________ IV Abstract___________________________ Cl Introduction. __________________________________ 1 Empirical connection between wavelength and discharge. 2 Calculations of former discharges from meander wavelength-________________ 6 Calculations of former discharges from values other than meander wavelength____________________________ 11 Accounting for former discharges.____________________ 15 Changes in air temperature and in precipitation. _ _ _ 16 Reduced temperatures, but no change in precipitation.. __________________________ 18 Change in regimen of precipitation without change in total_________________________ 18 Changes both in total and in regimen of precipitation.. __._____________________ 19 Accounting for former discharges Continued Changes in air temperature and in precipitation Con. Concurrent reduction of temperature and increase Page of precipitation____ ___ ______________ C21 Changes other than changes in annual temperature and in annual precipitation____________________ Frozen ground____________________________

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FIGURE 35. Morphologic sketch map of part of the Mission River, Refugio County, Tex___________________________ B40 36. Profile section showing possible interpretation of sedimentary sequence on the River Dorn, Oxfordshire, England______-____-___-______________________-____-_-_____-_____-__________________ 41 37. Diagrammatic interpretation of the sedimentary sequence on the River Lea at Nazeing, Essex, England___ 41 38. Block diagrams of the filled channel beneath the River Bure, Norfolk, England_________________________ 44 39. Profile section of Willow Brook, Northamptonshire, England.-_______________________________________ 44 40. Map of the Fenland of eastern England, with reconstructed early drainage pattern____________________ 45 41. Profile section of channels, sediments, and archeological correlations in the Fenland of eastern England.___ 46 42. Graph showing relation of wavelength to drainage of the Fenland and adjacent areas____________________ 46 48 4. Correlation table of selected glacial, deglacial, and postglacial events.______________________________ In pocket GENERAL THEORY OF MEANDERING VALLEYS SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION AND CHRONOLOGY OF UNDERFIT STREAMS