A framework is described for modelling an elastic continuum using a grillage of beam-like structural elements derived from discrete element concepts. The beam element properties are derived in detail and implemented in a structural analysis code for validation against classical two-dimensional plane elasticity solutions. The framework o ers the possibility of modelling the onset and propagation of fracture in materials that are initially continuous, without the need for specialized elements or remeshing in the context of traditional ÿnite elements.

The mathematical development and application of two discrete element methods (DEMs) for analyzing the material flow of granular media is described. These two DEM's model the non-circular shaped particles with analytical surface representations. Two-dimensional particles are modeled with a superquadric equation and three-dimensional particles as ellipsoids. Two examples are then presented to illustrate the applicability of these techniques in engineering analysis. These examples include: i) flow of particulate media in a rotating drum, and ii) flow of ore material in an inclined ore pass system.