These results confirmed that cystic renal malignancies have excellent prognosis. Bosniak III cysts had a low malignant potential, which suggests surveillance could be an option for these lesions.

The combination of microbubbles and ultrasound is an emerging method for non-invasive and targeted enhancement of anticancer drugs uptake. This method showed to increase local drug extravasation in tumor tissue while reducing the systemic adverse effects in various tumor models. The present study aims into evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of this approach both in-vitro and in-vivo for Nab-paclitaxel delivery in a pancreatic tumor model. Ultrasound and microbubbles of different types in combination with Nab-paclitaxel showed a significant decrease in cell viability of human pancreatic cancer cells in comparison with Nab-paclitaxel treatment alone in in-vitro scenario. In-vivo, the results demonstrated that ultrasound and microbubbles in combination with Nab-paclitaxel induced a significant decrease in tumor growth in subcutaneous pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenograft model in nude mice in comparison to tumors treated with Nab-paclitaxel alone. The post-mortem anatomopathological analyses of tumor tissues partially confirmed these results. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that microbubble-assisted ultrasound is a promising method to improve the therapeutic efficacy of Nab-paclitaxel in a pancreatic cancer model.

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