In this study, RPN was less morbid than OPN, with lower complications, less blood loss, and a shorter hospital of stay. The intermediate-term oncologic outcomes were similar in the two groups.

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ConclusionsThese results support the use of 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT for primary staging of prostate cancer. Increasing PSA level, ISUP grade and radiological staging with mpMRI were all statistically significant prognostic factors for metastasis on both univariate and multivariate analysis. KeywordsPET PSMA scan, primary staging, #PCSM, #ProstateCancer [Corrections added on 23 January 2020 after online publication: A new reference (23) has been added. In the Discussion section, the reference cue for the cross-sectional retrospective analysis of 220 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer has been corrected, and the information relating to skeletal metastasis based on PSA levels has been corrected.]

In this multicentre study HV and SV both greatly influenced RAPN perioperative outcomes, but HV appeared to have a greater impact than SV.

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic performance of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and contrast enhanced ultrasonography for the assessment of complex renal cysts. Methods: We carried out a prospective single-center study from January 2012 to December 2013. We included patients with Bosniak category 2F or 3 renal cysts found on computed tomography and reviewed by two expert radiologists. Magnetic resonance imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography were then carried out. Patients with a Bosniak ≥3 cyst on magnetic resonance imaging, as well as those upgraded as appearing malignant on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, were surgically managed. Imaging results were compared with histological data. For patients without surgery, imaging examinations were compared with follow-up data. For each imaging examination, diagnostic performance and Cohen's kappa coefficient were assessed. Results: A total of 47 patients were included. The median follow up was 36 months (range 17-48 months). At initial computed tomography, cysts were classified as Bosniak 2F and Bosniak ≥3 in 34 and 13 patients, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging found 13 Bosniak ≥3 cysts, and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography upgraded six more patients with cysts that appeared malignant. A total of 19 patients had surgery. Histological analysis reported 14 malignant tumors. No tumor progression was found in followed-up patients. Computed tomography showed poor sensitivity (36%) and specificity (76%; j = 0.11). Magnetic resonance imaging showed 71% sensitivity and 91% specificity (j = 0.64). Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography showed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (97%), and a negative predictive value at 100% (j = 0.95). Conclusions: The present results suggested that contrast-enhanced ultrasonography could be useful in improving the assessment of complex renal cysts. Indeed, computed tomography accuracy might be limited in this indication requiring further investigations to determine the best treatment strategy.

These results confirmed that cystic renal malignancies have excellent prognosis. Bosniak III cysts had a low malignant potential, which suggests surveillance could be an option for these lesions.

Objectives• To assess the impact of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) on upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUCs) in a multicentre study on cancer-specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free survival and metastasis-free survival (MFS). • To show the negative impact of LVI for patients with pN0/x disease and to stratify these patients into risk groups for metastatic relapse. Patients and Methods• A multicentre retrospective study was performed on patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy between 1995 and 2010.• LVI status was evaluated as a prognostic factor for survival using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results• Overall, 551 patients were included and were divided into two groups: those without LVI (LVI-), n = 388 and those with LVI (LVI+), n = 163.• LVI+ status was associated with high stage and grade UTUC and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001).• The 5-year CSS and MFS rates were significantly worse in the LVI+ group than in LVI-group (52.2 vs 84.5%, P < 0.001 and 43.8 vs 82.7%, P < 0.001, respectively).• In multivariate analysis, LVI+ status was an independent prognostic factor for CSS and MFS (P = 0.04 and P < 0.001). These findings were confirmed for the pN0/x patient subgroup (n = 504, P < 0.001).• In the pN0/x patient subgroup, we described a prognostic tool for MFS based on independent factors that permitted us to stratify patients into groups of high, intermediate or low risk of metastasis relapse. Conclusions• The presence of LVI was a strong predictor of a poor outcome for UTUC.• When a lymphadenectomy has not been achieved, the report of LVI status is crucial to identfiy those patients at higher risk for metastatic relapse.

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