This study assessed the effectiveness of a novel conservation strategy for the native brown trout populations in Sardinia (Italy). The conservation measures included: (i) installation of an electric fish barrier; (ii) removal of all the resident introgressed brown trout upstream from the barrier; (iii) restocking of the upstream region with native Sardinian trout genetically characterised; and (iv) estimation of native trout population size with prediction of future growth. Introgressed brown trout were removed using multiple-pass electrofishing methods in a 2-km region upstream from the barrier. In two eradication campaigns, conducted in 2010 and 2012, a total of 1801 trout were captured, comprising a total biomass of 55,501 g. The capture efficiency analysis showed total capture rates of over 99% were achieved for parr (0+ age cohort), and 100% for adult trout. After the eradication campaigns we restocked this area with native brown trout (Adriatic lineage, AD, according to the mitochondrial DNA control region nomenclature). The monitoring campaigns showed good survival (S = 60%) and reproduction of 3.1 recruits/adult trout. Successful breeding was recorded starting from the summer of 2015 and a self-sustaining population resulted after only two restocking events. The results of this restoration project allow recommendations to be made for future conservation eradication and repopulation projects for restoration of typical Mediterranean streams.
The European eel, Anguilla anguilla, is a catadromous and migratory species of commercial importance. Its complex life cycle results in its exposure to many risk factors, which have resulted in stock declines across all life stages since the 1970s. The temporal recruitment dynamics of juvenile eels (glass eels and elvers) were investigated in a small Mediterranean estuary (Sardinia, Italy). The composition of the population and the monthly and seasonal variations in the abundances of juvenile eels was assessed over 78 sampling events (from February 2017 to February 2018). Furthermore, the effects of abiotic variables on the abundances of glass eels and elvers were investigated using generalized additive models (GAMs). Glass eels had the greatest abundance during the winter months, whereas elvers had the greatest abundance during spring. Modelling revealed that the abundance of glass eels was mostly explained by the combined effects of water temperature (12.3–14.5 °C), tidal coefficient (40–110 cm), moon phase, season, and river mouth condition, whereas the abundance of elvers was associated with water temperature (14–21 °C), dissolved oxygen content (>7 mg/L), and season. These results suggest that the annual recruitment of juvenile eels occurs throughout the year, with clear seasonal migration dynamics. The use of multiple statistical approaches allowed us to identify the importance of several environmental variables in regulating the recruitment dynamics, providing useful information for conserving eel stocks through the restoration of the natural flow regime and the connectivity between freshwater habitats and the sea.
Key words: Rectal adenocarcinoma; Inflammatory cutaneous metastasis] Melis M, Scintu F, Marongiu L, Mascia R, Frau G, Casula G. Inflammatory cutaneous metastasis from rectal adenocarcinoma: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum 2002;45:562-563.C utaneous metastases occur in fewer than 4 percent of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. 1 Inflammatory cutaneous metastasis (ICM) is a rare subset of neoplastic disease, most often seen in patients with breast cancer, that usually presents clinically as a zone of pink, deep-red, or purplish-red indurated erythema with a well-demarcated border. 2 We recently observed a case of ICM that originated from a rectal cancer. REPORT OF A CASEA previously healthy 41-year-old male was referred to our department for a rectal adenocarcinoma that invaded the anal sphincter. Computed tomographic scan and endorectal ultrasound showed infiltration of the prostate and multiple metastases in both hepatic lobes; the patient underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. A few weeks after completion of treatment, he developed an erythematous, well-demarcated eruption over the anterior pelvic region and the perineum. The eruption rapidly formed confluent erythematous plaques that were associated with pain and severe edema of scrotum, penis, and perineum (Fig. 1). Lymphedema of the lower extremities was not present; enlarged lymph nodes were palpable in both groins. Imaging did not reveal further dissemination of the disease, compared with the previous staging; specifically, no direct extension of the primary tumor to the abdominal or pelvic wall was noted. Biopsies of the skin showed metastasis of adenocarcinoma, with widespread dermal invasion and tumor cells plugging both lymphatic and vascular vessels. In the absence of tumor-related complications, we thought that surgery would be of no benefit to the patient in terms of survival and quality of life, and for this reason, he did not undergo surgery. DISCUSSIONCutaneous metastases very seldom present as erythematous, warm, well-demarcated and indurated
Invasive alien species (IAS) are considered one of the major threats to biodiversity worldwide, thus requiring severe control strategies. Based on the promising results obtained in the field of insect pest management with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for long-lasting release of attractants, the main aim of this study was to ascertain the efficacy of PVC/attractant dispensers also in the aquatic environment. Therefore, we developed PVC/food dispensers and evaluated their attractiveness, by means of behavioural bioassays on whole animals, over a 60-day period of continuous use towards the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, one of the top 100 worst IAS. The attractiveness in PVC of trehalose, leucine and taurocholic acid was also tested. Our results show that the PVC dispensers release the food and are strongly attractive for crayfish over a prolonged time, even if their effectiveness depends on the storage conditions: From 18 days when stored underwater at 23 • C up to 50 days when stored out of the water at −20 • C. Besides, trehalose, leucine and taurocholic acid in PVC resulted in reliable attractants for P. clarkii. The development of PVC dispensers for long-lasting release of attractants may help improve the efficiency of mass trapping strategies in the management and control of invasive crayfish.
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