Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the most economically important veterinary pathogen due to its highly infectious nature and ability to cause persistent infection.In the period betweenAugust to October2014, an outbreak ofFoot and Mouth Disease(FMD) occurred in Egypt. This study was designated to isolate and detect the current strains of FMDV circulating in Egypt. Twenty sixtissue samples were collected from clinically diseased cattle and buffaloes from Kafrelsheikh province.The isolation of the causative agent wasdone by inoculation of baby mice intraperitoneally then passed to Baby Hamster Kidney-21 (BHK-21) cells. The inoculated mice showed paralysis and death, while the infected BHK-21 showed clear CPE (cell rounding and cell death). Molecular characterizations of the FMDV were doneusing universal primers followed by serotype specific primers for A, O, C and SAT2. Only serotypes SAT2 and A were detected with an overall detection rate of 53.8%.Results of phylogenetic tree of the current FMDV strains revealed that there is no significant divergence among the recent isolated strains and other Egyptian isolated strains from different localities.
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals including cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and pigs with economic impact due to losses of production, reduced milk yield and abortion. Control of FMD is widely depending on vaccination. This work aimed to evaluate an inactivated trivalent FMD vaccine prepared using Montanide ISA 201 adjuvant applied in sheep. The prepared vaccine was sterile, safe and induced protective neutralizing antibody titer from the second week post vaccination (wPV), reached the highest level at 12 th wPV and persisted in protective level till 40 wPV for FMD virus serotypes O, A and SAT2. These results were confirmed using ELISA. Evaluation of FMD virus-specific cell-mediated immunity in sheep vaccinated using XTT assay showed a high lymphocyte proliferation expressed by optical density in vaccinated sheep group from the 3 rd day post vaccination (dPV), increased to reach a maximum value 2 nd wPV and persisted in a high level till 9 th wPV for FMDV types O, A and SAT2 inducers. It was concluded that the prepared inactivated trivalent FMD vaccine with ISA-201 adjuvant induced good humoral and cellular immune responses in sheep lasted for 40 wPV.
The extraction of cobalt from chloride medium using two organophorous extractants: bis (2,4,4trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) and di-(2-ethyl-hexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was studied. The important parameters governing the extraction of cobalt have been studied. Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious disease of domesticated and wild cloven-hoofed animals with serious losses of production and prenatal mortalities. Vaccination is widely used to control FMD in Egypt. This study aimed for comparative evaluation of an inactivated trivalent FMD vaccine with either using montanide oil ISA 206 or 201 adjuvants that were applied in sheep. The prepared vaccines proved sterile and safe. Neutralizing antibodies against serotypes O, A and SAT2 FMD virus reached the protective titers at the 3 rd and 2 nd week post vaccination (wPV) for sheep vaccinated with FMD vaccine based on ISA 206 and 201 oil adjuvants, respectively. These antibody titers persisted in protective level till 32 wPV against serotypes A and SAT2 FMD virus and till 36 wPV against serotype O for sheep vaccinated with FMD vaccine based on ISA 206 oil adjuvant. Neutralizing antibody titers against serotypes O, A and SAT2 FMD virus persisted in protective level for 40 wPV for sheep vaccinated with FMD vaccine based on ISA 201 oil adjuvant. These results were confirmed using ELISA. Evaluation of FMD virus-specific cell-mediated immunity using XTT assay showed high lymphocyte proliferation expressed by optical density from the 3 rd day post vaccination (dPV), increased to reach a maximum value 2 nd wPV and persisted in a high level till 9 th wPV for FMD virus types O, A and SAT2 inducers for both sheep groups vaccinated with inactivated trivalent FMD vaccine either using montanide oil ISA 206 or 201 adjuvant. Finally, it was concluded that the inactivated trivalent FMD vaccine with ISA-201 oil adjuvant was superior than the vaccine with ISA-206 adjuvant in giving earlier and longer duration immune response in vaccinated sheep.
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