ABs'ZsAcTwellhead steam quality, if not detected, results in inefficient energy management and unreliable eval-Accurate rtseasurereent of steam quality and uation of steam performance. enthalpy delivery rate at the wellhead is required for efficient operation and reliable evaluation of Basic evaluation of well performance after enhanced recovery projects that utilize steam steam injection consists of comparing injection. the oil Steam distribution through manifolds production to energy input. The energy input is and ,teea can lead to uneven splitting and a wide determined from the wellhead enthalpy delivery variation of steam quality and enthalpy delivery rate, which is derived frotrs the pressure, mass flow rate for different wells fed from the same boiler.rate and steam quality, In rttany fields, flow A field-grade denaftorneter, which is based on the nozzles are used to meaaure enthalpy delivery rate principle Gf thermal neutron transmission,has been by assuming a steam quality of 80%. For this developed and tested for measurement of 3teamprocedure the steam quality remains quality at the wellhead. unknown.The meter ia non-However, some disp~acementmechanisms are sensitive intrusive, portable, robust, easy to operate, safe to steam quality . Therefore, a knowledge of for field use and accurate. By combining t% meter enthalpy delivery rate without knowledge of steam with a flow measuring device, such as a flow nozquality is not adequate for reliable evaluation of zle, accurate measurements & steam quality, mass well performance. Also, for steam additivea that flow rate and enthalpy delivery rate at the wellhead are possible. f Park EngineeringLaboratory of AECL in Missiasauga, example, fn a given field in Cold Lake, Alberta, Ontario, C$nada. The results were extremely a pad-to-pad steam quality variation between 53% encouraging . TMs initial success led to the and 90% was reported. Also, for a pad with an design and construction c? three field-grade input quality of 80%, the well-to-well variation maters. The design criteria Wei: that the meter was between 40% and 95%. This wide variation in should be non-intrusive, robust,'portable, easy to operate, safe for field uae and accurate over a Refererices" ati-lllustrationeat end of papex.-'wtde-rangeof fteld conditions.--Wva .-. 2MEASUREMENT OF STEAM QUALITY, MASS FLOW RATE AND ENTHALPY DELIVERY RATE ... SPE 14907During June and July of 1985, the three densi-the collimator diameter, which is 2.0 inches. tometers and two flow nozzles were calibrated at Although not measured, beam intensity outside of the two-phase flow laboratoryof Kernforschungszen-this diameter is expected to decrease radially in a trum Karlsruhe (Kfk), W. Germany. The rangea of Gaussian fashion. Thus, for pipe with fnside dfateat conditions were pressures of 4-14 MPa, flow meters larger than 2.0 Inches, the beam intensity rates of 1-2.5 kg/s and qualities of 40-100% in 3-would be lower near the pipe wall than in the centnch, schedule-160 and 4-inch, schedule-80 pipe.ter. The consequencesof this e...
Accurate measurement of steam quality and enthalpy delivery rate at the wellhead is required for efficient operation and reliable evaluation of enhanced recovery projects that utilize steam injection. Steam distribution through manifolds and tees can lead to uneven splitting and a wide variation of steam quality and enthalpy delivery rate for different wells fed from the same boiler. A field-grade densitometer, which is based on the principle of thermal neutron transmission, has been developed and tested for measurement of steam quality at the wellhead. The meter is non-intrusive, portable, robust, easy to operate, safe for field use and accurate. By combining the meter with a flow measuring device, such as a flow nozzle, accurate measurements of steam quality, mass flow rate and enthalpy delivery rate at the wellhead are possible. This paper describes the densitometer's principle of operation and results from recent calibration tests conducted over a wide range of field conditions.
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