The potential effect on the public health and the environment from the proposed operation of major nuclear reactor facilities is now being evaluated by the Nuclear Facilities Environmental Analysis Section of the Division of Radiological Health of the Public Health Service on a routine basis. In the past year several reactors in the 1200-1600 MW thermal power level have been evaluated prior to the start of construction. Using several power reactors as typical examples, the role of the Public Health Service in providing assistance to State health agencies on potential environmental problems is discussed. This type of evaluation of stationary reactor installations is specifically directed to meet the needs of State and local public health and other agencies which have responsibilities related to the proposed construction and subsequent operation of nuclear power plants.
A series of radiological surveillance studies was conducted at Dresden hhclear Power Station by the Radiological Engineering Laboratory of the Division of Environmental Radiation which provided data on 1311 concentrations observed in the plant, the plant's effluent, and the environment. Based on the Dresden study data, an evaluation is made in this paper of the public health significance of1311 discharges from BM'R nuclear power plants. The in-plant barriers to the transport of 1311 through a BWR nuclear power plant to the site environs were found to function at a high efriciency. As a result, the critical phase of the environmental surveillance program for Dresden, a BWR without gaseous holdup, was concluded to be the sulimersion dose from noble gases, not 1311 in milk. For a BWR nuclear power plant employing gaseous holdup, it was concluded that the ingestion 1311 dose may be more limiting than the submersion dose from noble gases.
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