1- Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has been identified as a safe chemical tested successfully in extending shelf life while maintaining quality of plant products. 1-MCP, at very low concentrations, usually blocks ethylene receptors and then inhibits the action of ethylene delaying further ripening and senescence. Several studies have been conducted elsewhere for delaying ripening of different banana cultivars such as Cavendish, Prata, Tella Chakkerakeli, Beragan and Kolikuttu. Physiological reactions related with ripening of banana are delayed by inhibition of ethylene perception, while ethylene synthesis of banana fruit can be regulated at suppressed levels of ACS and ACO by 1-MCP. The effectiveness of 1-MCP on bananas varies with the maturity of the fruit. Fumigation, the conventional application method, has some limitations, particularly long exposure duration, uneven ripening and green ripening in bananas. Application of 1-MCP in aqueous form is recently developed to minimize these limitations. Micro-bubbling and controlled release packaging technologies are effective tools of application of 1-MCP on bananas. This review compiles and critically analyses the existing knowledge on the technological use of 1-MCP, clarifies inconsistencies in different publications.
Equity Foreign Portfolio Investment (EFPI) is useful in enhancing the efficiency and liquidity of capital markets. This study explores the long-run determinants of EFPI in Sri Lanka using the autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) model. The dataset covers monthly time series data from 2004 to 2013. The findings suggest that the London Inter-Bank Offered Rates (LIBOR), foreign reserves presented in months of imports, USD/LKR exchange rate and domestic share market performance measured by the All Share Price Index (ASPI) are statistically significant and have a long-run positive effect on EFPI. The remaining variables, three-month Treasury bill rates, the Colombo Consumer Price Index (CCPI) and the S&P500 index are statistically insignificant. It is further revealed that there is a short-run causality running from months of imports, threemonth Treasury bill rates, USD/LKR exchange rates and CCPI towards EFPI at the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE).
Natural plasticity in overt circadian rhythms can be observed in various animals. Little is known about how this phenomenon help Euglena gracilis adapt to environmental stimuli. We used four groups of strain Z. Two groups were from our laboratory, ZObihiro1 and ZObihiro2; Third group was from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan (ZNIES-48) and the other was from Osaka Prefecture University (ZOsaka). The latter two were grown photoautotrophically at a light intensity of 84 μmol m-2 s-1 (day-white type lamps) at 25°C with air bubbling, as were ours, for two months prior to experiments. Results showed that ZObihiro2 and ZOsaka grew faster than ZObihiro1 and ZNIES-48. Upon transferring from light to darkness, population growth ceased within 8-10 h with the cell number increase in the dark of 41% in ZObihiro1 and ZObihiro2, 35% in ZOsaka and remarkably low 22% in ZNIES-48. Timing of cell division bursts in the circadian rhythm of cell population growth in 24 h light-dark cycles was the same in all four groups. Magnitudes of the rhythm were different: both ZObihiro1 and ZObihiro2 completely doubled, but ZNIES-48 multiplied by 1.9, and ZOsaka multiplied feebly by 1.7. The photoinduction of commitment to cell division in DD followed a circadian rhythm. All four showed the same peak at subjective dusk, but the amplitudes differed in the order, ZObihiro2 > ZOsaka > ZObihiro1 >> ZNIES-48. The resistance to photosensitization against Rose-Bengal follows a clear circadian rhythm in all substrains except in ZNIES-48. ZObihiro1 and ZOsaka showed the phasing similar to UV resistance rhythm, but ZObihiro2 did not. These results suggest the plasticity of circadian rhythms within a species, if not within a strain. Moreover, it is also apparent that different substrains/ecotypes present within the same Z strain. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 207-216
Purpose : Circadian rhythms of resistance to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation help prevent UV-induced damage during daytime hours in the photosynthetic organisms. The present study was performed to identify the primary causes of these rhythms using unicellular microalgal flagellate Euglena gracilis as a model. Research Method : We examined the dose-response effects of the exogenous supplementation of 25 different antioxidants on enhancing resistance in E. gracilis to UV-C irradiation based on its immediate survival. We also compared radical scavenging and singlet-molecular-oxygen (1 O 2)-quenching activities of each antioxidant in homogeneous ethanol solutions. Findings : Several antioxidants enhanced UV-C resistance at the least resistant phase to levels greater than or equal to levels achieved physiologically at the most resistant phase, suggesting that the antioxidants (or their physiological counterparts) may be under circadian control and may be responsible for generating amplitudes of the circadian UV-resistance rhythms. We also found that the antioxidants involved were different for UV-C resistance rhythms. However, no evident relationship between the effects of antioxidants on UV resistance and their antioxidative potential was observed. Originality / Value : The study shows that the chemical properties of the antioxidants, rather than their general potencies, are responsible for generating the amplitudes of circadian UV-resistance rhythms.
Annona (Annona spp.) is a tropical underutilized fruit with growing demand in both local and export markets for their distinct tastes and promising health benefits. However, vulnerability to postharvest damages with the short postharvest life of this commodity has significantly affected their market potential. The present study attempts to extend postharvest life while maintaining postharvest qualities in Atemoya (Annona atemoya), Bullock's heart (Annona reticulata), Soursop (Annona muricata) and Sugar apple (Annona squamosa).The experiment was conducted according to the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) using four treatments. Fruits were treated with 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 µL L -1 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 15 hours and stored under ambient temperature (27±1 ˚C). Fresh weight loss, ______________________________________
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