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Bacterial wilt is one of major threats to eucalyptus plantations which may cause significant losses. Until now, study about bacterial wilt on Eucalyptus pellita in Indonesia is still very limited, especially about the presence of the pathogen on or in the seeds. This study aims to provide evidence of the existence of the R. solanacearum bacterium on or in E. pellita seeds. Detection of seed-borne bacteria is determined by several approaches such as (i) direct detection using universal and selective medium in the laboratory, (ii) nursery test, and (iii) species-specific molecular detection. Results of our study indicate that R. solanacearum can be detected from eucalyptus seeds using universal and selective medium in the laboratory, nursery test, and molecular-based detection using the Enrichment PCR method. The bacterial inoculum is also proven to exist both on the surface of and inside the eucalyptus seeds. This is the first report that R. solanacearum is a seed-borne pathogen in E. pellita seeds. Previous studies in different agricultural systems show that the effective method used to control the pathogen is through seed treatments using biological, physical, and chemical approaches.
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