Citrus fruit tree has great importance in Brazil. Despite having many commercial cultivars, the lemon crop in Brazil is basically from “Tahiti” cultivar and there is a lack of studies about the characterization and assay of genetic diversity of sweet lemon (Citrus limetta) fruits. Therefore, this work aimed to characterize and evaluate the genetic diversity from nine stock plants produced in Porto Nacional-TO. Fruits in fully physiologic ripening were harvested and evaluated for weight, length, diameter, juice yield, soluble solids content, and color of peel and pulp. The experimental design was completely randomized with 9 treatments (stock plants) and five replications. For the characterization, the data were subjected to Tukey’s test and similarity measure and clustering of the stock plants were performed by Tocher’s method and UPGMA dendrogram. Weight, length, and diameter of all stock plants have not differed from each other. The coordinate b* indicated that stock plant 1 had fruits with peel and pulp clear when compared to the yellow color of the other stock plants. There was genetic diversity between the assessed stock plants and three groups were created, which stock plant 1 and 2 were the most divergent and compose group 3, according to Tocher’s method. The features contributed similarly to total variation.
This research studied the morphology of seeds and seedlings, in addition to obtaining information about the type and time of germination of sweet lemon seeds in five substrates (on blotting paper, between blotting paper, on washed sterilized sand, between washed sterilized sand and in paper roll). C. limetta seeds were measured, and external description was performed. Afterwards, sown in the sand and kept at 25 ºC to monitoring germination and morphological description of the resulting seedlings. A second experiment was evaluated for substrate efficiency: paper roll, on and between paper, on and between sand in the germination of C. limetta seeds. Speed index, average time and relative frequency of germination were evaluated. In addition, date of the first and last germination count was established. Treatment averages were compared using the Tukey test at 5% probability. C. limetta seeds are ovoid, slightly wrinkled and polyembryonic. Germination is hypogeal, cryptocotylar or phanerocotylar. The seedlings have leathery eophylls with simple leaves, elliptical shape or close to the elliptical, tending to ovate. It has a pivoting root system that is colored yellow to cream with the presence of secondary roots. The average germination time is between 18 and 22 days. The substrate indicated for seed germination is on paper.
Agradeço, inicialmente, a Deus, que me deu força e inspiração para realizar este trabalho, mesmo nos momento mais difíceis ou quando os dilemas pareciam intransponíveis. Agradeço ao meu pai, que onde quer que esteja saberá que este trabalho nada mais é que o fruto de uma semente há muito tempo plantada em minha alma, e às minhas mães, que com força, carinho e afeto permitiram que eu hoje aqui estivesse. Agradeço especialmente ao meu orientador, professor Roberto, que além de acolher a mim e ao meu projeto, acreditando no potencial das minhas ideias, sempre esteve presente ao longo do desenvolvimento desta dissertação, incentivando-me a desenvolvêla em todas as suas potencialidades. Agradeço também à minha noiva Beatriz, que não apenas compartilhou toda essa caminhada comigo, como também me deu forças para que continuasse sonhando e buscando meus objetivos. Esse caminho não faria o menor sentido sem ela. Agradeço, ainda, as essenciais contribuições formuladas pela banca de qualificação composta pelos professores Alvino Augusto de Sá e Ivanira Pancheri, cujas relevantes críticas e apontamentos foram decisivos para os rumos desta pesquisa. Agradeço, também, ao Dr. João Batista Gonçalves, que sempre apoiou as minhas atividades acadêmicas, e aos meus colegas de trabalho, que tornam os dias de trabalho mais leves. Agradeço a todas as pessoas que me apoiaram, desde o projeto até o depósito desta dissertação, em especial a Daiana Santos Ryu e Chiavelli Facenda Falavigno, pelo auxílio nos momentos finais deste trabalho, bem como pelos bons momentos que passamos juntos.
Fruit ripening promoted by the exogenous application of ethylene analogs, such as calcium carbide, has commercial advantages. Thus, the knowledge of the responses of fruits treated with ethylene-inducing agents is essential to optimize the use of these substances. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of exposure to calcium carbide on the anticipation and standardization of postharvest ripening of cajá-manga fruits. Physiologically mature fruits were exposed to calcium carbide for 24 hours at concentrations 0, 20, 40, 80, and 110 g m-3. The fruits were stored at a temperature of 28±2 °C and evaluated at 0, 2, 4, and 6 days for the loss of fresh mass, color of the epidermis and pulp given by the CIELAB color space, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, the ratio between soluble solids content and titratable acidity, and vitamin C content. Cajá-manga fruits treated with different concentrations of calcium carbide had their ripening anticipated without compromising their characteristics. The concentrations of 20, 40, and 80 g m-3 of calcium carbide allowed the anticipation and standardization of fruit ripening within four days during storage, while for the highest concentration (110 g m-3), complete maturation was accelerated, occurring between two and four days of storage.
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