Serum lactic dehydrogenase (S-LDH) was analysed at diagnosis in ninety-three patients with multiple myeloma. The patients were then followed up after a mean observation period of 39 months (SD 29). Serum lactic dehydrogenase was elevated in twenty-seven out of ninety-three patients and found to correlate with the serum concentrations of beta 2-microglobuline, creatinine, and thymidine kinase. In discriminant analysis of pretreatment S-LDH levels in relation to survival, the best discrimination level was 7.0 mukat 1(-1). Patients with values below 7 microkat 1(-1) ahd a median survival time of 45 months compared to 14 months for those with levels above 7 mukat 1(-1) (P less than 0.001). Serum lactic dehydrogenase at diagnosis, thus, has prognostic information in multiple myeloma.
A recently developed deoxythymidine kinase assay utilizing 125I-iododeoxyuridine as substrate was used in an investigation of sera from 122 untreated patients with multiple myeloma. Most patients had slightly elevated or normal serum deoxythymidine kinase activity (S-TK), although in some patients values increased by more than forty-fold were found. S-TK correlated with the haemoglobin level but did not correlate with sex, age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, nor with the serum concentrations of creatinine, beta 2-micro-globulin, Ca or M-component. The distribution of S-TK values in IgG, IgA and pure Bence-Jones myeloma did not differ significantly. Patients with IgG and IgA myeloma excreting light-chain immunoglobulin in the urine had significantly higher S-TK than non-excreters. There was a significant correlation between S-TK values and tumour cell mass as determined by clinical staging. A high pretreatment S-TK (greater than 5.1 units) also distinguished a group of patients with a significantly shorter survival time. Patients with no response to initial therapy had significantly higher S-TK values than those who did respond. In longitudinal studies of 11 patients, S-TK was found to increase when the disease became more aggressive. The possibility of diagnosing disease progression at an early stage by an elevation of S-TK is discussed.
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