Toxic effects of cadmium microparticles on the respiratory system: An experimental study on rats and mice. Scand. j. work environ. & health 3 (1977) 116-121. Experiments on male, specific pathogen-free rats (193) and mice (66) are reported. The test and control animals received a single 15-min exposure to cadmium (cadmium oxide) and aluminum (alumina) microparticles, respectively. The air cadmium content was 10 mg/ m 3 , and 4 fA-g of this metal was retained by the lungs of the rats. The animals were observed for 24 days. The following significant differences appeared between the control and test groups: in the cadmium exposed rats the relative lung weight (percentage of body weight) became temporarily higher; the absolute number of alveolar macrophages decreased at first and then increased; numerous polymorphonuclear and lymphocytic cells appeared in the alveoli. According to these inflammatory phenomena, at the 48th h after exposure, there was an alteration in the clearance kinetics of inhaled bacteria and an increase in the death rate of cadmium exposed animals following a test infection with Salmonella enteritidis (rats) or Pasteurella multocida (mice) aerosols. The mechanism of cadmium toxic action on the respiratory system is discussed.
Contemporary ( a n a l y t i c a l , c l i n i c a l ) developments r e q u i r e a i r samples c o n t a i n i n g a c c u r a t e l y known c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f f o rmaldehyde. A n o v e l method and a p p a r a t u s a r e d e s c r i b e d f o r t h e g e n e r a t i o n o f " c o n t r o l l e d formaldehyde atmospheres". Monomeric formaldehyde was g e n e r a t e d by t h e r m a l d e c o m p o s i t i o n o f p o l y o x y methylene and a l l o w e d t o permeate across a s i l i c o n e membrane i n t o a p r e d r i e d a i r c a r r i e r stream, y i e l d i n g d e s i r e d c o n c e n t r * t i o n l e v e l s of HCHO. C o n t a m i n a t i o n by water and methanol were e n t i r e l y o b v i a t e d .
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