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The European Space Agency (ESA), in collaboration with the European Commission (EC) and EUMETSAT, is developing a space-borne observing system for quantification of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. Forming part of the EC's Copernicus programme, the CO 2 monitoring (CO2M) mission will be implemented as a constellation of identical satellites, to be operated over a period of at least 7 years and measuring CO 2 concentration in terms of column-averaged mole fraction (denoted as XCO 2 ). Each satellite will continuously image XCO 2 along the satellite track on the sun-illuminated part of the orbit, with a swath width of >250 km. Observations will be provided at a spatial resolution of 2 x 2 km 2 , with high precision (<0.7 ppm) and accuracy (bias <0.5 ppm). To this end, the payload comprises a suite of instruments addressing the various aspects of the challenging observation requirements: A push-broom imaging spectrometer will perform co-located measurements of top-of-atmosphere radiances in the Near Infrared (NIR) and Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) at high to moderate spectral resolution

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.[1] Solar-excited plant fluorescence in the red/near-infrared is known to fill Fraunhofer lines at ground level. In this paper, it is shown that red/near-infrared fluorescence by vegetation can fill Fraunhofer lines much more effectively than rotational Raman scattering (RRS) by air (Ring effect) for nadir viewing from satellite altitudes. Thus, similarly to RRS, plant fluorescence can be remotely sensed from an orbiting spectrometer, and may impact the retrieval of atmospheric trace gases such as water vapor by high-resolution spectroscopy over vegetated land.