During several millennia fats and oils (FOs) have been used in large scale for food purposes. However, human being did learn that, when in presence of light, water, oxygen and high temperatures, FOs undergo degradation processes that limit their use as food but that lead to different materials suitable to be used in formulations of nonedible products, like paints and coatings. In this article, physical and chemical processes for FOs transformation involving thermal energy in the presence of water, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen are discussed, describing the mechanisms involved and the products formed.Keywords: Oils; Fats; Thermal heat; Pyrolysis; Thermal polymerization; Oxidative polymerization. ResumoPor milênios os óleos e as gorduras (OGs) foram utilizados em larga escala com propósitos alimentícios. No entanto, o homem aprendeu que os OGs ao serem expostos à luz, água, oxigênio e altas temperaturas, sofrem processos de degradação que permitem a formação de muitos compostos, limitando o uso dessa classe de substância como alimentos. Entretanto, esse processo de degradação gera materiais que podem ser utilizados na produção de insumos industriais, como tintas e vernizes. Este artigo discute os processos físicos e químicos de transformação de OGs gerados por energia térmica na presença de água, oxigênio, nitrogênio e hidrogênio, descrevendo os mecanismos envolvidos e os produtos formados.
Used frying oil was heated at 315 ºC in the presence of nickel (II) acetate, leading to a viscous polymer and a mixture of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. Polymers were obtained with different viscosities, depending on the stirring, nitrogen flux and reaction time. The polymeric materials were used as binders in printing ink formulations, together with calcium carbonate and adequate pigments. The prepared formulations were tested to produce gravures by xylograph process, with performance similar to commercial printing inks.
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