Micropropagation techniques were set up for Gardenia jasminoides c.v. veitchi. Many plantlets were obtained by culturing shoot cuttings in MS nutrient media, 30 g/L Sucrose, 7 g/L Agar Agar, and different concentrations of BAP and IAA. The best concentration was 1mg /L BAP with 0.5 mg/L IAA. This concentration gave the best sprout growth suitable for rooting in primary and secondary culture by reculturing the stuck cutting every 6 weeks and for many times. We also obtained a high rooting percentage up to 98 % of natural rooting in rooting media different from propagation media by reducing mineral salt concentration to half, Sucrose to 20gm/L, and 2gm/L active charcoal, and 1mg/L IAA. Plantlets were transferred to greenhous and subjected for hardening. This technique gave 22 plantlets from one cutting in one year.
The study was conducted to determine the influences of carbon sources (sucrose, glucose, fructose, mannitol and sorbitol) on multiplication and rooting medium of strawberry Elsanta cv. The sugar cources were compared at a relatively wide range of concentrations (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90g l -1 ). There was a clear effect of sugar type and concentrations on the shoot multiplication rate. For each sugar added, the highest number of shoots was formed at concentration of 30g l -1 , in particular, the glucose which gave the heighest nomber of shoots. The sugars concentration lower or higher than 30 gl -1 reduce the number of shoots produced especially with concentrations of 70 and 90 g l -1 , respectively. Along with increasing sugar concentration, the height and fresh weight of shoots is reduced. Sucrose and glucose resulted in the greatest rate of proliferation, while the total number of shoots was lowest when the medium was supplemented with mannitol or sorbitol. On a rooting medium supplied with 10-90 g l -1 of mannitol or sorbitol, the explants did not grow, and subsequently they died after 2-3 weeks. In addition, there were no significant differences between glucose, fructose, and sucrose in the rooting percent, number of roots, number of leaves, and plantlet height, except in root length which showed some significant differences between these carbon sources. In contrast, there were significant differences between the concentrations of these carbon sources. The best rooting response of strawberry occurred on concentrations of 30, 50, and 70 g l -1 , respectively. At acclimatization stage, the plants cultured in fructose supplemented medium produced the highest number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight. Moreover, there were significant differences at the final harvest between the concentrations of sugar used. The vegetative growth of the plants was enhanced by increasing the level of sugars especially the concentration 70g l -1 which was the superior to (10, 30 gl -1 ). University, England. Anwar, H. Md.; Taslim H.Md.; Raihanali Md. and Mahbubur Rahman S. M. 2005. Effect of different carbon sources on in vitro regeneration of Indian Penny wort (Centella asiatica L.). Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 8, (7)963 -965. Bogunia, H. and Przywara, L. 1999. Role of carbohydrates in plant tissue culture. Wiadomosci Botaniczne, 43: 25-36.
The Ebola virus (EBOV) transcriptional regulation involves host protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, which dephosphorylate the transcriptional cofactor of EBOV polymerase VP30. The 1E7-03 compound, which targets PP1, induces VP30 phosphorylation and inhibits EBOV infection. This study aimed to investigate the role of PP1 in EBOV replication. When EBOV-infected cells were continuously treated with 1E7-03, the NP E619K mutation was selected. This mutation moderately reduced EBOV minigenome transcription, which was restored by the treatment with 1E7-03. Formation of EBOV capsids, when NP was co-expressed with VP24 and VP35, was impaired with NPE 619K. Treatment with 1E7-03 restored capsid formation by NP E619K mutation, but inhibited capsids formed by WT NP. The dimerization of NP E619K, tested in a split NanoBiT assay, was significantly decreased (~ 15-fold) compared to WT NP. NP E619K bound more efficiently to PP1 (~ 3-fold) but not B56 subunit of PP2A or VP30. Cross-linking and co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed fewer monomers and dimers for NP E619K which were increased with 1E7-03 treatment. NP E619K showed increased co-localization with PP1α compared to WT NP. Mutations of potential PP1 binding sites and NP deletions disrupted its interaction with PP1. Collectively, our findings suggest that PP1 binding to the NP regulates NP dimerization and capsid formation, and that NP E619K mutation, which has the enhanced PP1 binding, disrupts these processes. Our results point to a new role for PP1 in EBOV replication in which NP binding to PP1 may facilitate viral transcription by delaying capsid formation and EBOV replication.
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