The article presents the analysis results of the breeding suitability of two Far Eastern pumpkin varieties, Nadezhda and Vnuchka, according to key biochemical, consumer and technological indicators, with a view to their possible use as functional food products. The results show that the biochemical parameters of these varieties’ fruits are unstable and varied depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the year. Both varieties are high in vitamins with an average ascorbic acid content of 10.12 mg% (Nadezhda) and 11.71 (Vnuchka) mg%. The total sugar content in both varieties is almost equivalent, with an insignificant difference of less than 1%. However, the Nadezhda variety has a higher yield. It was found that both studied varieties are suitable for the production of functional products according to the main test indicators in the conditions of the Middle Amur region. Nevertheless, the Nadezhda variety is characterised by shorter periods favourable for processing raw pumpkin materials of 1–2 months after harvesting, while the Vnuchka variety can be processed 1–4 months after.
The production of functional food products is one of the most important directions of development of the food industry. Particular attention is paid to the creation of new balanced in composition of products enriched with functional components, allowing them to increase their nutritional and biological value. Among vegetable crops, pumpkin is a highly valuable raw material in the food industry, which has equally both nutritional and biological value, and allowing for the correction of the human nutritional status. Based on this, we has been assessed the biochemical indicators of the varieties and hybrids of table pumpkin during to keeping as a perspectives raw material for the products of functional allocation in the Far East region. The research was carried out by the department of vegetable crops and potatoes of the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture in the framework of the Far East program. Biochemical studies on pumpkin were carried out in the laboratory of agriculture of the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture and in the laboratory of testing of the Center for Agrochemical Service “Khabarovsk” three times: 1 - before laying on to keeping; 2 - after 1.5 months of keeping; 3 - 1 month after the previous study. The results of studies showed that the varieties Nadezhda, Zimnyaya sladkay and Japanese hybrid Orange colon after 2.5 months of keeping, there was a decrease in some biochemical parameters. The varieties Vnuchka, Zhemchuzhina and a Japanese hybrid Sweet kob there is a tendency to increase almost all the quality indicators during the whole period of keeping. The content of dry matter, Vitamin C and potassium increases significantly. A favorable period for the processing of raw materials in the manufacture of the products of functional allocation is 1-2 months after harvesting for the Nadezhda variety and 1-4 months for the Vnuchka variety. Perspectives for the Far Eastern region in the manufacture of the products of functional allocation from foreign varieties are the Zimnyaya sladkay variety and the Japanese hybrid Orange colon.
Tomatoes are one of the most common vegetable crops in the Khabarovsk territory. This article presents the results of an agrobiological study of tomato collection varieties taken from the Vavilov Institute’s collection of crop production genetic resources of various ecological and geographical origin. The research identified varieties of the intensive type that can provide a maximum yield at a high level of agricultural technology: Denmark, Skorospelka, Chico Grande, Vitaminnyi, Vezha, Slava Moldova and Novoseletsky. It also identified the most valuable varieties for practical breeding: Skorospelka, Dokuchaevsky, Dragotsennost’, Vitaminnyi from Russia, Vezha from Belarus, Novoseletsky from Ukraina, Denmark and Chico Grande from USA, which combine high indicators of marketable productivity and high adaptability to the conditions of the monsoon climate of the Middle Amur region.
The downy mildew (peronosporosis) is the most dangerous and harmful cucumber disease in the Far-Eastern region. Its harmfulness is the highest during the period of flowering – fruiting, because it may completely ruin the cucumber plants both in open and protected ground. Use of cucumber sorts with effective genes that are resistant to the disease is the most efficient way to fight cucumber peronosporosis. In this connection the publication adduces the facts of study the sorts and hybrids of different ecological and geographical origin from the genetic resources collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in comparison with three zoned sorts of DV NIISH selection – Mig, Khabar, Amurchonok. The aim of researches – to identify the sort samples cucumber according to the main economically valuable traits and also to the degree resistance of genetypes to the main disease of the culture in the region – downy mildew (peronosporosis), for allow to select the source material for the creation of sorts and hybrids, highly productive and resistant to biotic and abiotic stress environmental factors in the monsoon climate conditions of Khabarovsk region. The perspective genetypes having both the resistance to the diseases and productivity are not revealed as a result of the evaluation of the collection of cucumber samples according to their susceptibility by fungus diseases and productivity. Slavyanskiy (Belarus) is more resistant to peronosporosis, especially in 2016 year conditions, although it was inferior to the damage degree of disease to the zoned sorts – Mig, Khabar, Amurchonok. This perspective sample is planned to be used as a source of donors of the main economically valuable traits in a further selective work.
Relevance. Khabarovsk region is considered to be the zone of risky agriculture. It is characterized by the monsoon climate (july - september), having no analogies in Russia by univen distribution of precipitation, temperature drops and high natural infections background. That is why the search of tomato sorts, responsive to environmental changes, with increased or stable yield is highly relevant. The aim of our perennial researches in the creation of highly productive sorts and hybrids of tomato, most fully realizing natural and climatic conditions of cultivation, having higher stability to the most harmful diseases, stress environmental factors and high productive potential. The most significant limiting factors when growing tomatoes in the region are high natural infections background and sharply variable hydrothermal regime, formed under the influence of the Priamurye monsoon climate.Methods. The selection work had been made on vegetable plot of DV NIISH. The seedlings had been growing by cassette method into film greenhouse, which had been no had heating. Then the seedlings was planted out into open ground in accordance with bed technology recommended in the region by scheme 140 X 35 cm. The main method of selection work of new tomato sorts creation was analytical with continious selection. All the necessary phenological, biometrical and psychopathological observations and accounts had been done by generally accepted methodics.Results. The results in development of tomato selection in DV NIISH was the creation of sorts with different ripening time: early ripe – Zarya Vostokа and middle ripe – Amursky Utios and Dunyasha. They were included in the State registry of selection achievements in 2008 year. Sorts Klad and Galant passed successfully the state sort tests and were included in the state registry of selection achievements in 2017 and 2018 years. All these sorts are recommended for growing in garden plots, private plots and farms.
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