Nowadays, the Sultanina grapevines H4 strain has become widely cultivated because of its high productivity. However, this Sultanina variety is suffering from clusters with small berries, in addition highly compacted berries, thus negatively affecting the quality of bunch berries. A field experiment was carried out during the two successive seasons on Five years old Sultanina (H4 strain) grapevines grafted onto freedom rootstock grown in a private orchard located in El-Khatatba region, Minufyia Governorate, with coordinates of 30°21′ N 30°49′ E. The investigation was designed to throw light on the effect of hand thinning at levels 0, 25%, and or 50% of cluster shoulders was removed in addition to spray with 0, 20, 30, and 40 ppm GA3 for berry sizing. In addation, the first application was the hand thinning treatment, which was used on the second and third week of May for the first and the second seasons. The second application was the berry sizing treatment, applied when the berries were at 6–7 mm diameter (on the 3rd and 4th week of May for the first and the second seasons. Results indicated that the total chlorophyll content of leaf decreases when the hand thinning levels or GA3 concentration increases, while hand thinning and GA3 treatments were higher than control only concerning pruning weight. Moreover, the results showed that the first level of hand thinning treatments recorded higher values for the cluster weight than the higher level of hand thinning treatments with all the concentrations of GA3 used for sizing. The highest value was with T2. The overperformance of T2 for the vine yield and the rest of the treatments at the lower level of hand thinning were better than those at the higher level of hand thinning. In conclusion, hand thinning at 50% level and sizing with GA3 at concentration 30 ppm reduced the cluster compactness and improved the berry weight and firmness. Therefore, it could be recommended to get the most suitable yield and quality of Sultanina grapevines.
This study was an attempt to develop an in vitro protocol for propagation date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Zaghlol cv via direct shoot regeneration system. Combinations between plant growth regulators were used in order to achieve this goal. Shoot tips were cultured on MS medium supplemented with cytokinins namely BA or KIN at different concentrations either individually or in combinations with NAA at 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg /L in the presence of 1.0 mg/ L NOA. Results revealed that MS medium supplemented with BA or KIN at 1.0 mg /Lin combination with NAA at 1.0 mg/ L was the best for bud formation from shoot tip after 8 weeks of culturing at initiation stage. Sub-culturing the formed buds on solid MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/ L of BA and KIN gave the maximum number of shoots with appropriate length at multiplication stage. MS medium supplemented with 10 mg/ L of GA3 caused the maximum shoot length at elongation stage compared with control and other treatments. Moreover, maximum rooting percentage, root number and root length were obtained as MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA and 1.0 mg/L NAA was used.
This work aimed to develop a conservation protocol for date palm cv. Amry, an Egyptian semi dry rare cultivar. Slow growth conditions of storage studied by using low temperature at 15°C, beside the manipulation of salt strength of nutrient medium,( MS, 1/2 MS or1/4 MS) in combination with osmotic agent addition sucrose, sorbitol, or mannitol at constant concentration (0.3 M) for each, to conserve somatic embryos clusters explants, which obtained previously through direct somatic embryogenesis of inflorescences explants. Survival percentage and recovery were evaluated after 6 months of conservation period. Results showed that conserved somatic embryos clusters explants on full MS, ½ MS, conservation medium supplemented with sucrose or sorbitol recorded the highest significant survival percentage on full MS, ½ MS, where the lowest significant survival percentage was obtained when somatic embryos were conserved on 1/4 medium supplemented with mannitol . Best shoot number and shoot length recovery under normal growth conditions achieved on conservation medium supplemented with sucrose in comp inaction with reducing the full MS salt strength to the half for 6 months of conservation period under low temperature at 15°C.
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