Two field experiments were organized at the Tag Elez Station Experimental Farm; Governorate of Dakahlya, during the two successive winter seasons of . Spinach seeds were sown on 2 nd and 6 th of December, seasons 2014 and 2015, respectively. Ten treatments were arranged in split plot design with 3 replicates to evaluate the combination effect of five levels of N-fertilizer {50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 %} from the recommended dose (RD) by the Ministry of Agric. and Soil Recl. (MASR) in the form of NH 4 NO 3 (33.5% N) as soil application in the presence and absence of Fe as foliar way FeSo 4 (20%Fe) was used as a source of Fe at the rate of 300 ppm Fe. The obtained results indicated that: * A nitrogen fertilizer application at the rates of this survey significantly increased the average values of dry weigh, chlorophyll contents, N, P, K, Fe and VC in the leaves of spinach plant tell the rate of 100% RD. increasing the rate of N-fertilizer from 100% to 150% RD significantly decreased the mean values of all the aforementioned traits during both seasons of the experimentation. At any level of N-fertilization; foliar applied of Fe has been recorded a pronounced high effects on the average values of all parameters under the current study. * Increasing the rate of N-fertilization from 50 to 150%RD sharply and significantly increased the average value of nitrate and nitrite accumulation in spinach leaves, while such effect significantly decreased the activity of nitrate reductase enzyme in spinach plant. Moreover, foliar application of Fe in combination with any rate of N-fertilizer has been corrected this trend. * A favorable effect on oxalate formation in spinach leaves due to an addition of iron in foliar way combined with any level of N-fertilization as compared to the plants treated with the same levels of nitrogen in single form.
Pot and field experiments were conducted at the Agric. Exp. Station of El-Mansoura Univ. During the winter season of (2008-2009) and (2009-2010); respectively to investigate the possibility of partial or entirely substituting bio and organic fertilizers for cultivation of wheat plants instead of inorganic fertilizer. Forty treatments were arranged in split-split block design which were the simple possible combination between, two treatments of farmyard manure; with (FYM) and without it (0) were arranged as main plots. Four treatments of NPK fertilizers at rates of 0, 50, 75 and 100% from the recommended doses by the Ministry of Agriculture and land reclamation (MALR) for wheat plants were randomly located as sup-plots. Wheat seeds were inoculated with biofertilizers and devoted as sub-sub plots as five treatments including; Control, cerealin, phosphoren, K-mg and a mixture of them at rate of 1:1:1. The obtained results indicated that: Adding farmyard manure in both years of the experiment significantly increased the average values of N, P and K% in the leaves, straw and grains and their uptake by wheat plant than those obtained for the untreated plants. Increasing NPK-applied level from 50 to 75% and, furtherly to 100% RD significantly increased the aforementioned traits. The highest mean values for the previously mentioned traits were found to be associated with the addition of 100% RD-NPK. Inoculation of wheat seedlings with single or mixed biofertilizers was responsible for the statistically increase in the previously mentioned traits. Always, the mixed biofertilizers was pronounced and associated with the heighest mean values for all aforementioned traits. Co-inoculation of wheat seeds with (Cerealin), (Phosphoren) and (K-Mg) in single form or as a mixture in combination with the ra tes of NPK-applied in the presence and absence of FYM significantly resulted in high N and P contents in the leaves, straw and grains of wheat plant than those obtained for the untreated plants. In addition, the heighest mean values for the previously mentioned traits were connected with the treatment of 75 % RD + FYM + Mix during both season of the experimentation. On the contrary of this trend, the differences between the values of K% in the grains of wheat plant did not reach the level of significance during both seasons of the experiment. However, at any fertilization treatment the use efficiency of N, P and K appeared higher for the plants treated with N, P and K fertilizers at rate of 50% RD in combination with inoculation wheat seeds with the mixture of biofertilizers in the presence of FYM at rate of 20 m 3 /fed. Thus, it could be recommended that inoculation of wheat seeds with the mixture of biofertilizers combined with N, P and K fertilization at the rates of 57, 11 El-Sirafy, Z. M. et al. 682 and 14 kg.fed-1 respectively, and farmyard manure ; 20m 3 .fed-1 are considered as the most suitable treatment for realizing the highest economic yield for wheat.
Two pot experiments were carried out under the green house of Faculty of Agriculture.; El-Mansoura University during the two successive winter seasons of 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 to study the substitution of some organic extracts which prepared from potato, tomato and fruit leaves instead of a part of mineral fertilizer to produce a safe yield of spinach plant. Twelve treatments were arranged in complete randomize block design with 3 replicates, which were the simple possible combination between four treatments of plant extracts (0, Potato extract, Tomato extract and fruit leaves extract) for foliar spraying and three treatments of N, P and K fertilizers (0, 50 % and 100 %) of recommended doses as soil addition and their combination .The obtained results can be summarized as follow: Spraying of residual plant extracts either in a single form or in combination with mineral fertilization led to a positive effect on the growth and yield of spinach plants. Increasing the rate of N, P and K fertilization from 50 to 100 % RD significantly increased the mean values of N, P and K contents in the leaves of spinach plant; such effect had no significant effect on the values of Fe (mg/100g). The accumulation of nitrate and nitrite in spinach fresh leaves increased as the level of mineral fertilizers increased. Foliar spraying of residual plant extracts which contain micronutrients in the presence of mineral fertilizers resulted in pronounces decrease in the values of NO3-N and NO2-N in spinach plant. Foliar spraying of plant residual extracts as solely had no significant effect on the mean values of total oxalate, while such effect significantly increased the values of soluble oxalate as compared to the untreated plants. There is no significant difference between the average values of total oxalate in spinach plant due to an addition of N, P and K fertilizers combined with spraying of residual plant extracts as compared to the same values obtained from the plants treated with N, P and K fertilizers only. Under the same condition of this investigation it could be recommended that; soil addition of N+P+K fertilizers at the rate of 50% from the recommended doses for spinach plant coupled with foliar spraying of potato foliage residual extract is considered as the best treatment for producing a safe yield of spinach plant.
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